122 THE KINGDOM OF MAN 



development. The German investigators W. Wundt, 

 G. E. Miiller, C. Stumpf, Ebbinghaus, and Munsterberg 

 have been prominent in introducing laboratory methods, 

 and have determined such matters as the elementary laws 

 of association and memory, and the perceptions of musical 

 tones and their relations. The work of Goldschneider 

 on ' the muscular sense,' of von Frey on the cutaneous 

 sensations, are further examples of what is being done. 



The difficult and extremely important line of investi- 

 gation, first scientifically treated by Braid under the name 

 * Hypnotism,' has been greatly developed by the French 

 school, especially by Charcot. The experimental investi- 

 gation of 'suggestion,' and the pathology of dual con- 

 sciousness and such exceptional conditions of the mind, 

 has been greatly advanced by French observers. 



The older work of Ferrier and Hitzig on the functions 

 of the parts of the brain has been carried further by 

 Goltz and Munk in Germany, and by Schafer, Horsle}', 

 and Sherrington in England. 



The most important general advance seems to be the 

 recognition that the mind of the human adult is a social 

 product; that it can only be understood in relation with 

 the special environment in which it develops, and with 

 which it is in perpetual interaction. Professor Baldwin, 

 of Princeton, has done important work on this subject. 

 Closely allied is the study of what is called ' the 

 psychology of groups,' the laws of mental action of the 

 individual as modified by his membership of some form 

 of society. French authors have done valuable work 

 here. 



These two developments of psychology are destined 

 to provide the indispensable psychological basis for 

 Social Science, and for the anthropological investigation 

 of mental phenomena. 



