THE SLEEPING SICKNESS 



181 



tions below the figures, the reader will at once see what 

 an extraordinary range of form and mode of multiplica- 

 tion is presented by this one species of trypanosome. 

 Space will not permit us to comment on these various 

 phases beyond noting how assuredly such forms would 

 have escaped recognition as belonging to the trypanosome 

 history if seen, before Dr. Schaudinn's memoir was printed, 

 by any of our medical commissioners blindly exploring 

 round about the diseases caused by trypanosomes in man 

 and mammals. 



A, B, C, D, Elongated spiral 

 forms of Tryf-anosoma Ziemanni 

 (some intertwined) developed from 

 those of Fig. 53 showing trans- 

 verse division, nucleus, and 

 blepharoplast. 



E, F, pear-shaped forms re- 

 sulting from the contraction of 

 forms like A ; G, a cluster of very 

 minute individuals. 



These forms are observed in 

 the gnat and also in the blood of 

 the owl, into which they pass 

 when the gnat bites that bird, 

 and there give rise to the large 

 male and female Trypanosomes 

 seen in Fig. 55 (after Schaudinn). 



F. 



FIG. 54. 



One very astonishing and revolutionary fact discovered 

 by Schaudinn we must, however, especially point out. 

 Medical men have long been acquainted with the spirillum, 

 or spiral threads, discovered by Obermeyer in the blood 

 of patients suffering from the relapsing fever of eastern 

 Europe. These were universally and without question 

 regarded as Bacteria (vegetable organisms) and referred to 

 the genus " Spirochaeta " of Ehrenberg. They were called 

 Spirochceta Obenneieri ; and relapsing fever was held to 

 be a typical case of a bacterial infection of the blood. 



