Woodworking Uses of Tools 9 



III. USES OF TOOLS. 



Planes. In consequence of the smallness of the amount 

 of material used in laboratory work, it will rarely be found 

 necessary to use a trying plane, consequently one was not 

 included in the list of tools recommended. 



Jack Plane. This tool is used for removing the rough 

 outer surface from wood to be worked. When used only for 

 such purpose, it is set very coarsely, ^" of the plane iron 

 protruding from the mouth; but if, as in laboratory work, 

 it is likely to be used instead of a trying plane, it should be 

 set more finely, and less of the corners rounded off. The 

 iron should protrude sufficiently far to allow of a shaving the 

 full length of the material being cut without undue effort. 

 If a full length shaving requires too much effort, the plane 

 should be set more finely. To prevent the tool rising from 

 the work, it is necessary to hold down the front of the plane 

 firmly to the work in addition to pushing the tool along. 

 Much depends upon the set of the plane irons, and experience 

 is the best teacher upon this point. 



In planing wood, it should be remembered that the fibres 

 generally run at an angle with the surface, and that the plane 

 will therefore tear up instead of cutting the wood if we plane 

 against the grain. Should this occur, the wood should be 

 turned round, so that the plane cuts in the direction in which 

 the fibres approach the surface (Fig. i). It will also be seen 

 that in turning over 

 the wood to plane 

 the under surface, the 

 wood should be turned 

 endways, not sideways, 

 over, which will place 

 the fibres in the correct FlG< * 



position again. Any 



tearing of the surface is usually due to planing in a wrong 

 direction, provided properly sharpened tools are used, and 

 is in consequence easily cured. 



In planing end grain, the cut should be taken but half way 



