Tinospora.} V, MENISPERMACE2E. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 97 



Anthers square. Drupes size of an olive, pale yellow. Miers distinguishes the Khasia 

 plant as var. nitidiuscula, probably a distinct species. 



4. T. cordifolia, Miers Contrib. iii. 31 ; leaves cordate glabrous, sta- 

 mens free, ripe carpels pisiform. T. palminervis, Miers I.e. 31. Menisp. 

 cordifolium, Willd. ; Roxb. Fl. 2nd. iii. 811. Cocculus cordifolius, DC. Prodr. 

 i. 97; Wall. Cat. 4955 ; W. & A. Prodr. 12; Wight Ic, t. 385, 486. C. con- 

 volvulaceus, DC. Prodr. i. 97. C. verrucosus, Walt. Cat. 4966 C, D, E ; 

 Rlieede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 21. 



Throughout tropical India, from KUMAON to ASSAM and BIEMA, and from BEHAR and 

 CONCAN to CEYLON and the CARNATIC. 



Bark corky ; shoots glabrous. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., acute or acuminate ; petiole 

 1^-3 in. Racemes exceeding the leaves, axillary terminal or on the old wood ; bracts 

 subulate. Mowers yellow, males fascicled, females usually solitary, glabrous. Petals 

 cuneate. Anthers oblong. Drupes size of a pea or small cherry, red. 



5. ? T. uliginosa, Miers Contrib. iii. 35 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong 

 acuminate, base rounded or subcordate, veins reticulate, drupe as in T. 

 crispa, but endocarp thinner. 



SINGAPORE, Maingay. 



Maingay's mss. contain an excellent analysis of the fruit of this and T. crispa, and 

 the only difference between them that I perceive is that the endocarp of this is thin and 

 crustaceous, with a deeper longitudinal groove ; the cotyledons are somewhat crumpled 

 in both. The leaves are less shining than in the original T. uliyinosa of Java, the fruit 

 of which is undescribed. 



4. TINOBXISCIUIML, Miers. 



A scandent shrub, juice milky. Flourers racemed. Sepals 9, with 3 

 bracts. Petals 6, oblong, margins incurved. MALE fl. : Stamens 6, filaments 

 flattened ; anthers oblong, adnate, bursting vertically. Rudimentary carpels 

 3. FEM. fl. : unknown. Drupes much compressed, ovoid-oblong, style- 

 scar terminal ; endocarp much compressed, dorsally convex, ventrally flat 

 or slightly concave, not intruded. Seed almost flat, oblong ; cotyledons 

 quite flat, nearly as broad as the thin layer of albumen, very thin, closely 

 appressed ; radicle short cylindric. DISTEIB. 3 E. Asiatic species. 



1. T. petiolare, Miers Contrib. iii. 45, t. 94 ; leaves ovate-oblong 

 coriaceous. H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 205. Cocculus petiolaris, Wall. Cat. 6964. 



PEXANG, Wallich; SINGAPORE, Maingay. 



Young shoots brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 2|-4 in., ovate-oblong, obtuse or 

 acuminate, glabrous, very coriaceous, base truncate or rounded, reticulate between the 

 35 nerves; petiole 34 in. Racemes 4-10 in., on tubercles in the upper racemes, or 

 alternate along the branches, brown-tomentose ; fjowers minute, solitary or fascicled ; 

 pedicels short. , Sepals puberulous. Petals notched. Drupes f-1 in., endocarp thick 

 woody. Foliage very similar indeed to that oiFibraurea tinctoria> but nervules beneath 

 prominent, reticulate. 



There are two flowerless plants in Hook. Herb., both collected by Griffith, and per- 

 haps species of Tinomiscium ; one has membranous elliptic- lanceolate acuminate leaves, 

 and fruit 1 in. long, with a very woody endocarp ; the other lias broad ovate-cordate 

 acuminate membranous leaves, and similar but flatter fruit with a thin endocarp ; this 

 last closely resembles T. .javanicum, Miers. 



5. FIBRAUREA, Loureiro. 



A lofty climbing glabrous shrub. Leaves ovate or oblong, coriaceous, 

 3-nerved. Flowers in large axillary* panicles, dioecious. Sepals 6, with 

 VOL, i. H 



