Viola.] xin. VIOLACE^:. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 183 



Wallichiana, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 300. V. reniformis, Wall. Cat. 1443 ; 

 Eoyle III. 74, t. 18, f. 2 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. ii. 457. 



TEMPERATE HIMALAYA from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 6-1 1,000 ft. DISTEIB. N. Asia, 

 Caucasus, Europe. 



Rootstock slender. Stem 3^-12 in., erect or decumbent. Leaves 1-2 in. diarn., 

 crenate, cauline 2-3. 



** Stigma terminal, truncate, dilated depressed orbicular or lobed. 



2. V. Patri-ni, DC. Prodr. i. 293 ; glabrous or pubescent, stemless, 

 without stolons, leaves triangular ovate oblong or linear-crenate or serrate, 

 base hastate cordate or cuneate, stipules linear adnate, flowers lilac, sepals 

 lanceolate, spur saccate. Wall. Cat. 1445. V. prirnulifolia, Linn, in part ; 

 Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 650. V. grandifolia and V. mysorensis, Wall. Cat. 1446, 

 1447. V. chinensis and V. csespitosa, Don Prodr. 205. V. nilagirica, 

 Tare, in Bull Mosc. xxxvi. 536. V. Walkerii, Wt. III. i. 42, t. 18. V. Pa- 

 trinii var. nepaulensis, DC. I.e. 



TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 4-8000 ft. fro'm Kashmir to Bhotan ; WESTERN TIBET ; 

 KHASIA HILLS ; hills of the WESTERN PENINSULA, and CEYLON. DISTRIB. Affghanistan, 

 N. Asia, Japan, Mid. Russia. 



Very variable. Rootstock woody. Leaves Very variable, largest 3-4 by 1-2 in., nar- 

 rowest 3-4 by ^-1 in. ; petiole 2-4 in., often winged. Stipules entire. Flowers ^-\ in. 

 diam. Style nearly straight, slender ; stigma 3-lobed, margined. Capsule straight, 

 - in. ; valves narrow, acute. 



3. V. diffusa, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 298 ; softly hairy, stemless, sto- 

 loniferous, leaves elliptic-ovate obtuse crenate base cuneate rarely cordate, 

 stipules free narrow toothed, sepals subacute, spur globose. Wall. Cat. 

 1444. V. tenuis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i. '482. 



SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA from Nipal to Mishmi, in fields, alt. 3-5000 ft. ; KHASIA 

 Mxs. DISTRIB. China. 



Perennial. Leaves tufted, \-\ in., pale green ; petiole broadly winged, rarely- 

 equalling the blade. Stolons short, sometimes floriferous. Flowers pale-purple. Style 

 slender, narrowed-dowiiwards from the 2-lobed margined obscurely- beaked stigma. 



4. V, Hopkeri, T. Thorns. ; glabrous or young parts pilose, stem and 

 stolons short, leaves orbicular-reniform broadly crenate, petiole not 

 winged, stipules narrow free toothed or lacerate, sepals obtuse or acute, 

 spur saccate. 



EASTERN HIMALAYA; Bhotan, alt. 6-7000 it., Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 8-11,000 ft./ 

 H.f. 



Rootstock slender. Leaves ^-14 in-> rather fleshy, crenatures very broad and shallow; 

 petiole 1-3 in., slender. Flowers white or very pale blue, small. Style slender, narrowed 

 downwards from the 3-lobed obscurely beaked stigma. Capsules small. Perhaps two 

 species are mixed here, and if so they occur in both the Sikkim and Bhotan collections ; 

 one is small, very hairy when young, with more reniform leaves and shorter obtuse 

 sepals ; the other is larger, almost wholly glabrous, with more ovate minutely gland- 

 dotted leaves having rounded sometimes overlapping basal auricles, and acute sepals; 

 of this latter some of Griffith's specimens are marked as from East Bengal (Khasia 

 hills), but through an obvious transposition of tickets. 



5. V. distans, Wall. Cat. 4022, and in Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calc. 

 vii. 227 ; glabrous or nearly so, stolons or stems usually long leafy and 

 flowering, leaves ovate- or deltoid-cordate usually acute crenate-serrate, sti- 

 pules entire or fimbriate, sepals acute, spur saccate, capsule linear- oblong 



