184 xin. VIOLACE^:. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) ; [Viola. 



many-seeded. V. Wightiana wtr, glabra, T/uwn't'-x Knum. 20. V. Xoto- 

 niana, Wall. Cat. 1449. V. Metziana, Holu-n. J'l. Kxsicc. No. 1501. 



TKMPEKATE HIMALAYA, from Nipal to Bhotan, alt. 5-10,000 ft. ; KHASIA HILLS, 

 alt. 4-6000 ft. PDLNEY and NILGHIKI MTS. ; CEYLON, alt. 6-7000 ft. DISTIUB. Java? 



Rootstock slender or stout. Sterns 1-14 in., usually long and trailing. Leaves 

 f-14 in., very variable, sinus broad or narrow, shallow or deep; petals not winged. 

 Flowers ^ | in. diam ., pale lilac or blue. Style slender, narrowed downwards from the 

 obscurely .3-lobed stigma. Capsule $-^ in., valves acute. It is very difficult to distin- 

 guish this from F. serpens, by leaf or flower, and the characters of the stigma and fruit 

 are probably sexual ; some of the synonyms quoted under each may apply to the 

 other. 



VAR. 1. distam proper ; stipules nearly entire. V. serpens, Wall. Cat. 1441 (not 

 of Fl. Ind.). ?V. palmaris, Luch in DC. Prodr. i. 298, Don Prodr. 2l)5. Nipal, 

 Khasia hills. 



VAR. 2. fimlriata; stipules lacerate or fimbriate. Sikkim. 



VAR. S.'acaulis; stemless, stipules fimbriate. Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft. 



*** Stigma very oblique or quite lateral, often minute and perforated. 



(5. V. serpens, Wll. in, 7W>. Fl. ///'/. !:<!. 1 1'*///, ii. 449 (not ofCat.}jn>d 

 in DC. y/W/-. i. ^;j(i ; hirsute or glabrous, stolons or steins usually long leafy 

 and nosering, leaves ovate-conlate obtuse or acute civnate-seiTate, stipules 

 toothed or iiinl>ri;itc, spur Baccate, sepals acute, capsules globose few-seeded. 

 Royle III. 74, t. 18, f. 1 ; W. <( A. Prodr. :J:i. V. \\ightiana var. pubescens, 

 Thwaitcs En a in. -2(\ V. pilnsa, JHtnm- JH./</. 57. 



Moist woods, &c., throughout the TKMIM.I: \i i. HIMALAYA, KHA-IA im.i.s, PULNEY 

 and NiLomiu MTS., and CEYLON, alt. 5-7000 ft. ?MOLI.\IKIN, J'arinh. DISTRIB. Java, 

 China. 



Leaves 1-2 in., sinus open or closed, shallow <>r di-cj). l-'lmrcrs from the main stem 

 ^-4 in. diani. ; those from the axils of tin- rauline li-aveft sniall or niiimtr. <'<i r 

 often pubescent. As variable, in habit and foliage as V. distant, from which tin- stigma 

 ^ alone distinguishes the glabrous forms when these arc not in fruit, and \\c su-jn-et that 

 these differences arc sexual, tin- Higmas of the ^mailer fertile Mowers appearing to be 

 more truncate than those of the large M..\vi-rs. 'I I,,- N.\V. Imlia .sj>ecimi-ns are shorter- 

 stemmed than those from raoister di.striets. V. (.Iriyithiana, Uoi^s., of Afghanistan, 

 diifers in the more cylindric spur and swollen style above with rounded top, and in 

 the more evident beak. V. hirta, L., differs chiefly in the latter character and obtuse 

 sepals. 



VAR. 1. glabra; glabrous and very stoloniferous. ? V. Hamiltoniana, Don Prodr. 

 206. 



VAR, 2. canescens, Wall. Cat. 1442 (sp.), and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. ii. 450; 

 often stemless, hoarv or pubescent. V. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4021. V. Koyleana, 

 Wall. Cat. 1448. V. (Jrillithiana, fioixs. FL Orient, i. 456. 



VAR. 3. co th. /'I. Jlonyk. 20 (*p.)\ stemless or nearly so, stolons 0. 



V. \\-ightiaua,' \\t. Ic. t. 'J43. V. aspera, Uiutj. in DC. Prodr. i. 295. 



7. V. pdorata, L. ; glabrato or pubescent, stemO, stolons slender, leaves 

 tufted broadly ovate cordate obtuse crenate, stipules entire or toothed, 

 sepals very obtuse, spur nearly straight short subcylindric, style inflated 

 above, stigma decurved. Boiss. FL Orient, i. 458. (Sweet Violet.) 



KASHMIR, alt. 5-6000 ft., Falconer, T. T.. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W. 

 Asia. 



Rootstock stout. Stems very short or 0. Leaves (in the Kashmir plant) ^-1 in. 

 diam., tip rounded, nearly glabrous ; stipules subulate-lanceolate, tiepals rounded at 

 the tip. 



