Viola.] xin. VIOLACE^E. (Hook. f. & Thorns.) 185 



8. V. canina, var. sylvatica, Fries, (sp.} ; rootstock short or 0, flowering 

 stems from a short central axis, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse crenate-serrate, 

 stipules leafy fimbriate, sepals acute or acuminate, spur straight or hooked, 

 style of F. odorata. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 459. 



KASHMIR and KISHTWAR, alt. 4-8000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. DISTRIB. N. Asia, and 

 westward to the Atlantic. 



Best distinguished from V. odorata by the acute or acuminate sepals. 



9. V. Falconer!, H. /. & T. ; stem or very short, stolons or branches 

 stout erect 6-10 in., leaves large ovate-cordate very broadly crenate and 

 very large foliaceous toothed stipules densely covered with black glands, 

 flowers f in. diam., sepals subulate-lanceolate, spur saccate, anther-spurs 

 exceeding the cells. 



KASHMIR, falconer. 



A very remarkable species, resembling V. acuminata, Led. (a form of canina"), of 

 Siberia and Manchuria, but with much larger flowers and gland-dotted leaves. 



10. V. kunawarensis, Royle III. 75, t. 18, f . 3 ; small, glabrous, stem- 

 less, stolons 0, leaves tufted oblong obtuse subentire base cuneate, sepals 

 short tips rounded, spur short obtuse, style clavate, stigma subhorizontal 

 hardly beaked. 



WESTERN TIBET and TIBETAN HIMALAYA, from Kumaon to Balti, alt. 11-15,500 ft. 

 DISTRIB. Affghanistau. 



Rootstalk slender, woody, much branched. Leaves tufted, ^-f in., tapering into the 

 slender petiole, pale green. Flowers -i in. diam., purple. Capsules elliptic, acute. 



11. V. cinerea, Boiss. Fl Orient, i. 454; small, glabrous, stems short 

 diffuse branched, leaves elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate acute obscurely crenate, 

 base acute, stipules leafy fimbriate, flowers small axillary, sepals lanceolate 

 aristate, spur very short, style clavate compressed, stigma lateral of 2 oblong 

 parallel disks. 



Dry hilly region of the PUNJAB and SINDH, common. DISTRIB. AfFghanistan, Persia, 

 Arabia. 



Slightly powdery. Stems 1-6 in. Leaves -4 in., apiculate, petioles as long. 

 Peduncles slender, bracts subulate. Flowers 4 in. diam. Capsules ^-\ in., elliptic, acute. 



V. APETALA, Eoxb. ? Wall. Cat. 1440, resembles an upetalous form of jf Patrinii. 

 V. DUBIA, Wall. Cat. 1450, is probably a ibrm of V. serptns. 



2. IONIDIUM, Ventenat. 



Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. Flowers axil- 

 lary, orange or purple. Sepals 5, subequal, not produced at the base. Petals 

 5, lower larger, clawed, saccate or spurred at the base. Ant tiers connate or 

 free, 2 or 4 of them gibbous or spurred at the back. Ovary ovoid ; style 

 clavate, incurved, stigma oblique. Capsule 3-valved, subglobose, few- 

 seeded. Seeds globose, testa crustaceous. DISTEIB. Species about 40, chiefly 

 tropical American. 



1. I. suit rut icosum, Ging. in DC. Prodr.'i. 311 ; glabrous or pubes- 

 cent, leaves linear or lanceolate serrate-toothed, flowers solitary. Wall. 

 Cat. 1439 ; W. & A. Prodr. 32 ; Wight III. t. 19 ; Ic. t. 308. I. enneasper- 

 mum. /)G\; Wall. Cat. 1438; W. & A. Prodr. 33. I. Wightianum, Watt. 

 Cat. 4020. I. leptorhizum, DC.; W. & A. I.e. I. heterophyllum and erec- 

 tum, DC. I.e. 308, 311. I. hexaspermum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 342 ; 

 Bomb. FL. 12. Viola suffruticosa and enneasperma, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 649 ; 

 Ed. Wall. ii. 417. V. frutescens and erecta, tiotti. Nov, Sp. 168, 



