XLII. RHAMNE^:. (M. A. Lawson.) 639 



A shrub, 6-8 ft., or small tree, 20 ft., with coarse spinous or unarmed branches. Leaves 

 fascicled at the ends of the congested branchlets, -2 in., oblong or elliptic-lanceolate 

 Or obovate, acute or rounded at the apex, minutely tomentose beneath, entire or faintly 

 serrate. Flowers few, shortly pedicellate, fascicled in the axils of the leaves. Petals 

 spathulate. Ovary 3-4-celled. Fruit ^ in. long, obovoid-globose, 2-4-celled, 1 or 2 

 of the cells often abortive. Boissier mentions only the small obovate-leaved plants, but 

 in many specimens the large and small leaves occur together. 



3. R. dahuricus, Pall. Fl. Ross. ii. t. 61 ; armed, leaves glabrous, 

 petals 4. DC. Prodr. ii. 25. R. globosus, Bunge Enum. Chin. 14. R. parvi- 

 folius, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1857, ii. 150. R. polymorphous, Turot. Fl. Baik. 

 Dahur. i. 269. R. virgatus, Roxb. Fl Ind. i. 604 ; Don Prodr. 190 ; Brand. 

 For. Flor. 92 j var. sylvestris, Maxim, in Mem. Acad. Imp. Sc. Petersb. x. 1 1, 13. 



The PANJAB, at Peshawur, Stewart; TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Jamu and Simla, 

 toBhotan, alt. 4-9500 ft.; WESTERN PENINSULA, in the Ghats. DISTRIB. China, Japan. 



A tree, 15-20 ft., or shrub, usually much branched, very variable in habit and shape 

 of the leaves. Branches divaricating, the spines terminating the branches and so 

 often appearing in the forks. Leaves fascicled at the ends of the exceedingly congested 

 branchlets, J-2 in., obovate, acuminate, to narrow elliptical-lanceolate, slightly pubes- 

 cent beneath when young. Flowers numerous, fascicled in the axils of the leaves. 

 Petals spathulate. Fruit obovate-obicular, |- in. long. Closely allied to the European 

 JR. catharticus. It seems hardly possible to define even as varieties the numerous forms 

 that have been proposed as species. R. virgatus, var. aprica, Max. in Mem. Acad. 

 Sc. Petersb., is a dwarf form with scrubby squamose branches and very small 

 leaves. 



VAR. hirsutus ; a large shrub or small tree, leaves 2 in. R. hirsutus, W. & A. 

 Prodr. 165 ; Btdd. Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. Ixx. t. x. f. vi. Western Peninsula. 



** Unarmed. Flowers 5-merous. 



4. R. Wigiitii, W. & A. Prodr. 164; leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in. 



glabrous, flowers fascicled, petals 5. Wight Ic. t. 159; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 

 Anal. Gen. Ixx. ; Dak. & Gibs. Bomb. FL. 50. Ceanothus Wightiana, Wall. 

 Cat. 4264. 



WESTERN PENINSULA ; from the highest hills of the Concan southwards to the Nil- 

 ghiris. CEYLON ; in the elevated parts of the Central province. 



A large glabrous shrub, the younger parts drying black. Leaves elliptic or narrowly- 

 elliptic, shortly acuminate, closely serrate, subcoriaceous. Pedicels much shorter than 

 the petiole. Petals cuneate-obovate, with a short apiculus, flat. Styles 3-4, diverging. 



5. a. purpureus, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 44 ; leaves 3-5 

 by 1-2 in. glabrous, flowers fascicled, petals 0. Brandis For. Flor. 91. : 



WESTERN HIMALAYA ; from Marri to Kumaon, alt. 4500-10,000 ft. 



A middle-sized unarmed tree. Branches purplish, with white spots ; the young 

 leaves pubescent beneath, otherwise glabrous. Leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, closely 

 and finely serrate, membranous. Flowers 2-3 ; pedicels | in., nearly as long as the 

 petiole. Fruit on pedicels J in., the size of a pea, subglobose, bitter and purgative. 



6. 2&. triqueter, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 376 (under 

 Ceanothus) ; Cat. 4265 ; leaves 3-6 by 1-2^ in. pubescent beneath, fascicles 

 of flowers disposed in racemes. Brand. For. FL 92. 



PANJAB, in the Salt range ; WESTERN HIMALAYA, from the Jhelum, alt. 3-4000 ft., 

 Steivart ; to Kumaon, alt. 6000 ft. 



A shrub, the young branches pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 

 acute or sabacuminate, closely serrate, the old leaves pubescent on the nerves only. 

 Flowers shortly pedicellate, fascicled on the leafless (very rarely leafy) branches, pu- 

 berulous. Pftalx broadly obovate, emarginate. Fruit J in , obovoid, 3-lobed. Although 

 "VVallich says of this species that the fruit is acutely 3-cornered, I do not find it to be 

 the case in any of his specimens. 



