LI. ROSACES. (J. D. Hooker.) 307 



ORDER LI. ROSACEJE. (By J. D. Hooker.) 



Herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves stipulate, rarely opposite, simple or com- 

 pound. Flowers usually bisexual and regular (very irregular in Chrysobalanete). 

 Calyx-tube, free or adnate to the ovary, limb usually 6-lobed, often bracteolate, 

 imbricate or valvate. Petals 5, rarely 0, inserted under the margin of the disk, 

 deciduous, usually imbricate. Disk . lining the calyx-tube or forming a ring at 

 its base. Stamens perigynous, indefinite (rarely 1, 5 or 10) in one or many 

 series, often connate and unilateral in Chrysobalanece ; filaments subulate or fili- 

 form, usually incurved in bud ; anthers small, didymous. Ovary of one or more 

 free or connate carpels, with free or connate styles, which are basal, lateral or 

 subterminal ; stigmas simple, penicillate or capitate ; ovules 1 or more in each 

 carpel. Fruit variable, of achenes, or berries or drupes, rarely capsular. Seeds 

 erect or pendulous, testa membranous or coriaceous, albumen 0; cotyledons 

 large, plano-convex; radicle short. DISTRIB. About 1,000 species, found in all 

 climates and countries, but chiefly in the temperate. 



CHRYSOBALANTJS ICACO, Linn. ; the Cocoa-plum of the West Indies is cultivated in 

 some parts of the Malabar Coast, but not frequently. 



A. Carpels free or adnate to the side of the calyx-tube. 



TRIBE I. Chrysobalaneae. Flowers usually irregular. Carpel 1 ; 

 style basal ; ovules 2, ascending. Fruit a drupe. Radicle inferior. Trees OT 

 shrubs with simple quite entire leaves. 



Calyx-tube elongate. Stamens many, unilateral. Ovary 2- 



locellate v . . . . .1. PARINARITJM. . 



Calyx-tube short. Stamens 2. Ovary 1-celled ... 2. PARASTEMON. 



TRIBE II. Fruneae. Flowers regular. Carpel 1, rarely 2; style sub- 

 terminal, 'rarely basal ; ovules 2, pendulous. Radicle superior. Trees or shrubs 

 with simple usually serrated leaves. 



Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, large, glabrous. Carpel solitary . 3. PJRTJNTJS. 

 Calyx 5-10-toothed. Petals 5-8, minute or 0. Carpels 1 or 2. 



Drupe erect, fleshy, with a bony stone 4. MADDENTA. 



Calyx 5-10-toothed: Petals 5, minute or 0. Carpel 1. Drupe 



erect, coriaceous 5. PYGETJM. 



Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5. Carpel 1. Drupe inverted, style 



sub-basilar 6. PRINSEPIA. 



TRIBE III. Spiraeae. Flowers regular. Calyx ebracteolate. Stamens * ,. - 

 10 or more. Carpels 1-8 ; styles ventral or basal ; ovules 2 or more, pendulous. 

 Radicle superior. Shrubs, rarely herbs, with entire or serrate simple or com- 

 pound leaves. 



7. SPIR^A. * 



TRIBE IV. Rubeae. Flowers regular. Calyx ebracteolate. Stamens 

 very numerous. Carpels many ; styles sub-basal or ventral ; ovules 2, collateral 

 pendulous. Fruit of many dry or fleshy carpels not included in the calyx-tube. 

 Radicle superior. Usually shrubs, with often compound leaves. 



8. BUBUS. 



TRIBE V. Potentilleae. Flowers regular. Calyx usually bracteolate. 

 Stamens usually numerous, rarely few. Carpels 1 or more ; style short or 

 much prolonged after flowering; ovule solitary, ascending. Fruit of many 

 achenes, not included in the calyx-tube. Radicle superior. Herbs or small 

 shrubs with various leaves. 



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