388 LI. ROSACES. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cotoneaster. 



is a garden state with rather larger leaves and long branches, both due to alteration 

 in habit induced by culture. Decaisne refers Hohenacker's Nilghiri specimen (n. 

 1154) to lanata, saying that it is not Wallich's plant, but Wallich's and Hohenacker's 

 specimens are identical in characters and might have come from the same branch ; and 

 there is certainly but one species known from the Nilghiris ; he further describes the 

 leaves of lanata as deciduous, whereas those of buxifolia are supposed to be persistent. 

 Decaisne (Mem. Fam. Pom.) gives the synonym of C. lanata as a species of Lindley's, 

 but I do not find it alluded to elsewhere, except as a garden name. It is cultivated at 

 Kew ; and differs from ordinary C. buxifolia only in its greater development. 



ORDER LII. SAXIFRAGACEJE. (By C. B. Clarke.) 



Trees shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate and exstipulate, or stipules adnate 

 to the base of the petiole, or opposite and exstipulate. Inflorescence various ; 

 flowers hermaphrodite or polygamo-dioecious, the sepals petals and stamens 

 symmetrically regular. Calyx more or less adnate to the ovary, sometimes nearly 

 free, sometimes quite inferior ; lobes imbricate or valvate Petals 5 or 4, rarely 

 0, perigynous or epigynous, rarely subhypogynous, imbricate or valvate. Sta- 

 mens inserted with the petals, equalling or double their number, rarely numer- 

 ous ; staminodes or glands sometimes present between the stamens and the ovary. 

 Ovary of 2 or 3-5 carpels ; usually 2- or 3-5-celled with axile placentae, less 

 commonly 1-celled with parietal placentae ; styles as many as the carpels, dis- 

 tinct or combined nearly to the summits, stigmas capitate or lateral and subcapi- 

 tate ; ovules numerous, anatropous, erect or pendulous, .Fr^ capsular or berried. 

 Seeds numerous or several (solitary in Poli/osma) albuminous ; the albumen 

 rarely scanty or nearly wanting. DISTRIB. Species 540 ; in the cold or tempe- 

 rate regions of the whole world and in the mountains of the tropics ; together 

 with a few genera of tropical trees. 



Saxifragacece is now extended to contain Saxifraga on one side, Ribes on another, 

 and the tropical Itea and Polyosma between ; and thus has become very difficult of 

 definition. CrassulacecB are generally recognised by their fleshy habit and distinct 

 carpels. Rosaces are separated by no absolute line; Astilbein Saxifragacece touching 

 Spircea in Bosacece. 



"TRIBE 1 1. Saxifrag-eae. Herbs. 



* Ovary ^-celled. 



Leaves twice ternate more than a foot long 1. ASTILBE. 



Leaves simple 2. SAXIFRAGA. 



** Ovary 1-celled. 



Flowers solitary. Petals 5. Leaves opposite 3. VAHLIA. 



Flowers racemose. Petals 5, minute 4. TIARELLA. 



Flowers solitary. Petals 0! Leafy small plants ". . . . 5. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. 



Scapes 1 -flowered. Petals 5. Staminodes prominent . . . 6. PARNASSIA. 



TRIBE II. Hydrang-eae. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, 

 simple. Stamens double the number of petals or more numerous. Ovary infe- 

 rior or half-superior. 



* Stamens 8, 10 or 12. 



Filaments linear. Fruit capsular .7. HYDRANGEA. 



Petals falling off in a cap. Glabrous 8. PILEOSTEGIA. 



Petals expanding. Berry blue 9. DICHROA. 



Filaments winged 10. DETJTZIA. 



** Stamens 20-40 . .11. PHILADELPHIA. 



