670 LXX. UMBELLIFEIUE. (C. B. Clarke.) \JEryngium. 



has been referred to E. dichotomum, Desf. which has the radical leaves oblong entire 

 not spinulose and altogether differs. It is certainly BoissieA plant referred by him 

 to Biebersteins. 



2. E. Billardieri, Delaroche Eryng. 25, t. 2 ; radical leaves long-petioled 

 3-partite segments 3-fid or pinnatifid spinous-toothed, cauline sessile palmately 

 3-5-partite. DC. Prodr. iv. 88 ; Boi&s. FL Orient, ii. 825. E. Kotschyi, Boiss. 

 Diagn. ser. 2, v. 97. E. cserulescens, Jacguem. Journ. 



KASHMIR, alt. 5000-6000 ft. ; Jacquemont, Falconer, &c. LADAK ; T. Thomson. 

 SCINDB ; Stocks. DISTRIB. Western Asia. 



Stem 6-18 in., erect or branching from the base, corymbose often bluish above. 

 Kadical leaves 2-4 in. diam., often hastate ; petiole 2-4 in. ; lower cauline sometimes 

 similar but short-petioled. Bracts 5-7, 1 in., linear, with few or spines on the 

 margins; short spines alternate with and somewhat exterior to the bracts; brae- 

 teoles linear, spinulose, simple, exceeding the flowers. Calyx-tube with lanceolate 

 scales, teeth lanceolate-subulate spinescent. Fruit in. The Indian examples are 

 all smaller with smaller heads than the type-specimens of E. Billardieri and are per- 

 haps Var. meiocephalum, Boiss. 1. c. The bracts are frequently without spines, but 

 the radical leaves are not narrowly dissected enough for E. Heldreichii, Boiss. I. c. 

 826. The radical leaves early disappear, it is then much like E. ccsruleum but can 

 generally be distinguished by its much less strict stem and dissected lower cauline 

 leaves. 



3. SANICULA, Linn. 



Erect herbs. Leaves palmately 3-5-partite, segments toothed lobed or dis- 

 sected. Umbels irregularly compound, rays few ; bracts sessile, leaf-like ; 

 umbellules usually small with small bracteoles. Flowers mostly unisexual. 

 Calyx-tube villous, subechinate ; teeth herbaceous. Petals white, emarginate, 

 slightly imbricate. Fruit echinate, ovoid or slightly compressed laterally, com- 

 missure broad, carpophore ; carpels ^-terete or subterete, plane on the inner 

 face, ridges all obscure, lateral primary commissural ; vittse small, solitary in 

 each primary ridge, with some very slender scattered in the endocarp. Seed 

 nearly terete. DISTKIB. Species 10, 1 only in the Old World. 



1. S. europaea, Linn.; DC. Prodr. iv. 84; leaves glabrous mucronate- 

 serrate, bracteoles linear shorter than the fruits, perfect flowers sessile male 

 usually pedicelled. Boiss. FL Orient, ii. 832 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, 

 pt. ii. 114. S. elata, Ham. ; Don Prodr. 183 ; Wall. Cat. 559 ; DC. I. c. 85 ; 

 W. $ A. Prodr. 367 ; Wight. III. t. 117, fig. 2; Wight Ic. tt. 334, 1004. S, 

 javanica, Blume Bijd. 882 ; DC. I.e. 85. S. montana, Reinw. ; DC. I. c. 85. S. 

 hermaphrodita, Ham. ; Don Prodr. 183. 



HIMALAYA; from KASHMIR to BHOTAN ; alt. 4000-12,000 ft.; common. KHASIA 

 MTS., alt. 3000-5500 ft. ; common. BURMA. Mts. of MALABAR and CEYLON. Dis- 

 TRIB. Europe, Asia, Africa. 



Height 1-3 ft. Radical leaves 2-6 in. diam., persistent; petiole 1-6 in. Umbel 

 2-3 to 18 in. diam. ; rays divaricate, repeatedly 2-3-chotomous. Umbellules few- 

 flowered ; male pedicels often in. Calyx-teeth lanceolate. Fruit ~ in., densely 

 covered with hooked bristles, slightly compressed laterally. 



Q 



4. VIC ATI A, DC. 



Perennial herbs, glabrous. Leaves pinnately compound, ultimate segment* 

 narrow. Umbels compound ; bracts 1 linear, small, or ; bracteoles several, 

 linear. Calyx-margin obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, white pink or 



