Scdbiosa.'] LXXVII. DIPSACE^E. (C. B. Clarke.) 219 



ALPINE SIKKIM, alt. 10-14,000 ft. ; Tungu, J. D. H. t Elwes. 



Rootstock woody. Leaves all subradical, 6 by | in., alternate at the base, sessile 

 or p.tioled. Peduncles 4-14 in., radical, 1-headed; heads 1-lf in. diam., globose, 

 many-flowered. Bracts ^ by i in., ovate-oblong, bracteoles in., linear- spa thul ate. 

 Involucel in., hairy, not scarious. Calyx-bristles 20-24, ^ in., filiform, hairy. 

 Corolla | in., tubular-funnel-shaped, hairy without. 



SECT. II. ASTEROCEPHALUS. Bracteoles small or 0. Involucel-mouth 

 funnel-shaped, scarious in fruit. Calyx-limb of 5 long bristles. Corolla 5-fid. 



2. S. Olivieri, Coult. Dips. 36, t. 2, Jig. 10; hairy, stem leafy, leaves 

 narrowly oblong subentire or pinnatifid, heads small, bracts oblong-lanceolate, 

 corollas all equal small much shorter than the calyx-bristles. DC. P)-odr. iv. 

 656 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 141. 



WEST PUNJAB ; Peshawur, Vicary ; Rawul Pindee and Huzaree, Stewart. Dis- 

 THIB. Affghanistan to Armenia and Arabia. 



Stem 3-15 in., annual, often much branched. Leaves 2 by J in., narrow-oblong 

 and entire, or 4 by 2 in., deeply pinnatifid. Heads few-flowered ; bracts scarcely in. 

 Flowers purple, hairy without, little longer than the involucel. Involucel % in. diam. 

 in fruit, 16-20-ribbed, scarious between the ciliate-pilose ribs. Calyx-bristles ^ in., 

 barbellate, brown. Achene silkily hairy. 



3. S. Candolliana, Wall. Cat. 430; subglabrous, leaves very distant 

 linear subentire, heads small radiate, bracts ovate obtuse, corollas so'^ie exceeding 

 the calyx-bristles. S. Candollii, DC. Prodr. iv. 654. 



WESTERN HIMALAYA ; from Murree to Kumaon, alt. 3-5000 ft., Blinlcworth, &c. 



Stem 12-18 in. from a perennial rootstock, little branched. Leaves l by in., 

 lower subspathulate, puberulous. Heads few-flowered ; bracts ^- in. Flowers 

 purple, hairy without; of the ray sometimes in. long. Livolucel \ in. diam. in 

 fruit, 16-20-ribbed, scarious between the pubescent ribs. Calyx-bristles ^ in., barbel- 

 late, brown. 



4. S. speciosa, Royle 111. 245, t. 55, Jig. 2; stem pubescent leafy, leaves 

 oblong often pinnatifid at the base with small lobes, heads large radiate, bracts 

 narrowly oblong, corollas much exceeding the calyx-bristles. 



TEMPERATE HIMALAYA; from Kashmir (abundant) to Grurwhal, alt. 7-H,000 ft. 



Stems 1-2 ft., often branched, from a perennial rootstock. Leaves 2 by | in., hairy 

 on both surfaces. Heads many-flowered ; bracts ^-f in. Flowers bright -mauve, hairy 

 without; those of the ray f in. long, those of the disk exceeding the calyx-bristles. 

 Involucel in fruit in., subcampanulate, nearly glabrous without, scarious between the 

 16-20 ribs. Calyx-bristles 3 in., barbellate, nearly black. Achene in. and upwards, 

 silky below, the upper ^ 8-ribbed, with long deep pits between the ribs. 



ORDER LXXVIII. COMPOSITJE. (By J. D. Hooker.) 



Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, 

 simple or compound : stipules 0. Inflorescence a centripetal head of many small 

 flowers, sessile on the dilated top of the peduncle (receptacle), enclosed in an 

 involucre of whorled bracts ; floral bracts 0, or reduced to paleae scales or bristles 

 on the receptacle. Flowers all tubular (head discoid), or the outer, or all, ligu- 

 late (head rayed), all 2-sexual, or the inner 2-sexual or male, the outer female 

 or neuter, sometimes dioscious. Calyx superior ; limb 0, or of hairs (pappus) or 

 scales. Corolla of 2 forms : 1st, tubular or campanulate, 4-5-lobed, lobes val- 

 vate, with marginal nerves ; 2ndly, ligulate, lobes elongate and connate into a 

 strap-shaped or elliptic ligule. Disk epigynous. Stamens 4-5, inserted within 

 the corolla-tube ; filaments usually free ; anthers basi-fixed, usually connate ; 

 connective produced upwards ; cells simple or tailed at the base ; pollen sub- 



