LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) 225 



Achenes incurved. Herbs with alternate leaves 82. CALENDULA. 



TRIBE IX. Cynaroideae. Flowers all tubular. Invo 1 .. bracts many- 

 seriate, imbricate ; tips scarious, spinous or foliaceous. Receptacle densely bristly 

 or paleaceous, rarely simply pitted. Corolla-limb slender, deeply 5-fid. Anther- 

 cells tailed. Styles subentire, or arms short hairy or thickened towards the 

 base. Achenes often hard ; pappus various, rarely 0. Leaves alternate, often 

 spinous. 



Subtribe 1. ECHINOPSIDE^;. Heads 1 -flowered, crowded into involucrate 

 globose balls. 



83. ECHINOPS. 



Subtribe 2. CARDTJINEJS. Heads oc -flowered, separate. Achenes glabrous, 

 basal areole horizontal. Pappus hairs distinct or connate. 



* Filaments free, glabrous. Pappus hairs free, caducous. Leaves armed. 

 In vol. bracts with hooked bristles. Leaves unarmed . . .84. ARCTIUM. 

 Invol. bracts spinescent. Leaves spinescent 85. COUSINTA. 



** Filaments papillose-hairy. Pappus hairs connate into a deciduous ring. 



Pappus hairs simple, not feathery 86. CARDTJUS. 



Pappus hairs feathery 87. Cxicus. 



* Filaments glabrous, connate. 

 Invol. bracts spinous. Keceptacle bristly. Pappus simple . 88. SILYBUM. 



**** Filaments free , glabrous (hairy in Goniocaulon). Leaves unarmed. 

 Pappus hairs 1-seriate, feathery, with a few outer simple . . 89. SAUSSUBKA. 

 Pappus hairs oo-seriate, subpaleaceous. Filaments hairy . . 90. GTONIOCATJLON. 

 Pappus hairs oo-seriate, rigid, rough or feathery 91. JURINEA. 



Subtribe 3. CENTAURE.I;. Heads separate, oc -flowered. Achenes glabrous ; 

 basal areole oblique or lateral. 



* Involucre not bracteate at the base, or rarely so. 



Filaments glabrous. Anther-tails short or 92. SEBRATULA. 



Filaments papillose. Anther-tails lacerate. Achenes smooth 93. TRICHOLEPIS. 



Achenes terete, 10-15-ribbed 94. VOLATURELLA. 



Achenes compressed or 4-angled, 4-5-ribbed 95. CENTAUREA. 



* Involucre bracteate at the base by spinous leaves. 

 Achenes compressed or angled. Pappus paleaceous or . . 96. CARTHAMUS. 



TRIBE X. Iftutisiaceae. Heads hetero- or hornogamous, rayed or not. 

 Invol. bracts oc-seriate, unarmed. Receptacle rarely paleaceous. Corolla 2-lipped , 

 ligulate, or deeply 5-fid. Anther-cells usually tailed. Style-arms rounded or 

 truncate, not appendaged. Pappus various. Leaves rarely opposite. (See also 

 Nanothamnus, Tridax and some Senecios.) 



Subfribe 1. GOCHNATLE^;. Corollas all tubular; segments narrow, equal or 

 obscurely 2-lipped. 

 Pappus hairs simple. A shrub with alternate entire leaves . 97. LEUCOMERIS. 



Pappus hairs feathery. Rigid shrubs 98. DICOMA. 



Pappus scales 10, ending in bristles. Rigid shrubs. Heads 



solitary 99. HOCHSTETTERIA. 



Pappus hairs feathery. Erect herbs, heads subracemose . 100. AINSLLSA. 



Subtribe '2. GERBEP.E.E. Heads rayed. Corolla 2-lipped or ligulate. 

 Heads few-flowered ; fl. all ligulate. An undershrub . . 101. CATAMIXIS. 

 Heads many-flowered ; ray-fl. 2-lipped. Scapigerous herbs 102. GERBERA. 



TRIBE XI. Cichoriaceee. Heads homo^amous. Corollas all ligulate ; 

 ligule truncate, tip 5-toothed. Anther-bases sagittate, rarely tailed. Style-arms 

 slender. Herbs, juice usually milky. Leaves radical or alternate, never oppo- 

 site. (See also 101. Catamixis.} 



VOL. ni. Q 



