Vernonia.'] LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) 239 



Conyza extensa, Watt. Cat. 3016. Gymnanthemum extensum, Steetz in Peters 

 Mosamb. Bot. 337. 



CENTRAL and EASTERN TROPICAL HIMALAYA ; Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, J. D. H. ; 

 Bhotan, Griffith. 



Erect, 6-8 ft., branched. Leaves 6-10 by 2^-3 in., narrowed into a short or long 

 petiole, membranous. Heads \ in. diam., longer than broad; peduncles very slender; 

 invol. scales not numerous, hard, closely imbricate, puberulous, inner \ in. ; corolla 

 pubescent. Achenes in. ; pappus | in., outer hairs few or 0. Clarke likens this to 

 V. blanda, and suggests its being a variety of that plant, but the sharply serrate 'long 

 leaves are very different. 



36. V. pectiniformis, DC. in Wight Contrib. 2; Prodr. v. 31; 

 shrubby, branches glabrate pubescent scabrid villous or glandular, leaves 

 petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate glabrous or scabrid above puberulous 

 pubescent or tomentose beneath usually many-nerved, heads 10-25-flowered in 

 short brond terminal corymbs, inner invol. bracts oblong obtuse or apiculate, 

 outer small acuminate, achenes glabrous, pappus dirty white or reddish. Am. 

 Pugill. 27 ; Wight Ic. t. 1077. V. puncticulata, DC. Prodr. vii. 264. Lysi- 

 stemma pectiniforme, Steetz in Peters Mosamb. Bot. 343. 



NILGHERRY MTS., alt. 8000 ft. CEYLON ; central province, alt. 6-7000 ft., Walker, 

 &c. 



Branches usually stout, ribbed and grooved. Leaves often close-set, 3-6 by l-2 

 in., rigid, narrowed into the petiole, nerves 6-12 pair. Heads \ in. diam., peduncles 

 short; invol. bracts hard, concave, usually with rounded coloured tips, outer gradually 

 smaller, often subulate and recurved ; receptacle fimbriate ; corolla glabrous. 

 Achenes | in. ; pappus 5 in long, outer hairs short, sometimes numerous, most red in 

 Ceylon specimens. 



37. V. arborea, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 218 ; a tree, branches 

 and corymbs pubescent tomentose or woolly, leaves large petioled elliptic or 

 elliptic-ovate acuminate quite entire glabrous or beneath pubescent, base acute 

 rounded or cordate, heads 1-6-flowered small in large leafless terminal panicles. 

 invol. bracts very small oblong obtuse, achenes compressed or 3-4-gonous ob- 

 scurely 8-10-ribbed puberulous, pappus white or yellowish hairs persistent all 

 equal. DC. Prodr. v. 22 ; Kurz For. FL ii. 80. V. javanica, DC. I. c. ; Bedd. 

 For. Man, 125. V. Blurneana and celebica, DC. 1. c. 22. Eupatorium celebicum 

 and javanicum, Biume Bijd. 903. Conyza acuminata and arborea, Wall. Ca+. 

 3034 A., 3074. ? Gymnanthemum acuminatum, Steetz. in Peters Mosamb. Bot. 

 336. 



ASSAM, the KHASIA MTS., SILHET, CACHAR, BIRMA, TENASSERIM, MALACCA, and 

 SINGAPORE. WESTERN PENINSULA on the Ghats, from the Concan, southwards. 

 CEYLON, ascending to 5000 ft. DISTRIB. Java, Borneo, Philippines. 



A large shrub or small tree. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3 in., coriaceous, quite glabrous in 

 northern specimens, more or less pubescent in Malayan ; petiole |-1 in. Heads | in. 

 diam. ; involucre small ; bracts few, ~ in long, tomentose ; corolla glabrous. Achenes 

 Y2 in., pale ; pappus ^ in., hairs few, all equal and in one row. A Philippine Island's 

 var. has branches inflorescence and leaves beneath densely clotted with white or buff 

 velve ty pubescence. The Malaccan and Silhet forms have the leaves usually quite 

 glabrous, the Tenasserim ones pubescent, the Ceylon densely pubescent. 



VAR. ? Wightiana; branches leaves beneath and inflorescence very densely woolly, 

 petioles usually shorter and stout, heads often 1-fld. V. monosis, DC. in Wight 

 Contrih. 5; Ic. t. 1085; Clarke Comp. 2nd. 24; Bedd. FL Sylv. t. 225. Conyza 

 Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 3028. Western Peninsula, on the Ghats, from the Concan 

 southwards. I can scarcely doubt this being a form of V. arborea, with which it 

 perfectly agrees in the form of the leaves, heads, achenes, and pappus, but the 

 petioles are usually very short and thick, as in V. solanifolia, sometimes however 

 long and slender as figured by Wight. 



