316 LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Matricaria. 



2. BX. preecox, DC. Prodr. vi. 52 ; annual, glabrous or pubescent, leaves 

 pinnatisect, segments short subulate, heads radiate peduncled, invol. bracts with 

 reddish scarious margins, receptacle conic, ligules white, achenes ribbed on both 

 faces crowned with a lobed cup. Clarke Comp. Ind. 149. Pyrethrum praecox, 

 Bieb. Flor. Taur. Cauc. ii. 324. Chamaemalium praecox, Visiani; Boiss. Fl. 

 Orient, iii. 326. Gastrosulum praecox, Schultz-Bip. Tanac. 30. Anthemis pyg- 

 maea, Bertoloni Misc. ii. 237. 



NORTH-WEST INDIA ; Peshawar, Vkary, Stewart. DISTRIB. Persia, Asia Minor, 

 and the Caucasus. 



So similar when dried to Anthemis odonto Stephana as to have caused them to be 

 mixed in the herbarium. 



68. COTULA, Linn. 



Perennial or annual, often creeeping, small herbs. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid 

 or pinnatisect, rarely entire or toothed. Heads small, peduncled, yellow, hetero- 

 gamous (rarely homogamous), disciform ; outer fl. <j> , 1-2-seriate, fertile, corolla 

 conic or ; disk-fl . 5 , fertile, tube slender or stout and 2-w:nged, limb 4-fid. 

 Involucre hemispheric or campanulate ; bracts sub-2-seriate, herbaceous or mem- 

 branous, margins often scarious ; receptacle naked. Anther-bases obtuse, entire. 

 Style-arms of $ truncate or obtuse, styles of sterile fl. sometimes entire. Achenes 

 of the ray or all stipitate, compressed, nerveless or 2-4-nerved, sometimes sheathed 

 at the top by the base of the corolla, at others with a short ear-shaped pappus. 

 DISTKIB. About 40 species, tropical and temperate. 



Nearly allied to Cotula is Cenia, Juss., a S. African genus, of which one specimen 

 of one species, C. turbinata, Pers., was found at Hoshiapore, in the Punjab, by Dr. 

 Aitchison, no doubt an escape : it is a weak villous small annual, with pinnate leaves, 

 and branches ending in a long slender peduncle with a curious top-shaped summit. 



1. C. anthemoides, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 359; annual, hairy or 

 glabrate, erect or diffuse, leaves 2-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatisect, segments decur- 

 rent lobed, lobes triangular-lanceolate, peduncles filiform naked, achenes of the 

 ray broad flat. DC. Prodr. vi. 78 ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 149 (excluding various 

 habitats}. C. dichrocephala, Schultz-Bip. in A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. 419. Pleio- 

 gyne cardiosperma, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 71. Artemisia nilotica, 

 Linn. 



GANGETIC PLAIN, from Rajmahal and Sikkira westwards to the Punjab. DISTRIB. 

 N. & S. Africa, China. 



A weak diffuse weed; branches 3-9 in., spreading. Leaves ^-f in., petiole -am- 

 plexicaul. Heads ^-\ in. diam., solitary, terminal; fl. $ many; invol. bracts with 

 scarious margins ; receptacle nearly flat, tubercled. Achenes ovate, with thick narrow 

 wings. 



2. C. hemispheerica, Wall. Cat. 3236; annual, erect, glabrous or villous 

 above, leaves pinnatisect, segments very numerous linear mucronate, heads 

 solitary peduncled, fl. minute, corolla 2-toothed or 0, achenes of the ray 

 minute not winged. Clarke Comp. Ind. 150, excl. remarks. Maruta hemi- 

 sphaerica, DC. Prodr. vi. 140; Deless. Ic. Sel. iv. t. 50. Artemisia hemisphaeriea, 

 Roxb. FL Ind. iii. 422. 



Common in dry rice fields in BENGAL, ASSAM, the lower and upper GANGETIC 

 PLAINS, and the PUNJAB ; ascending to 2500 ft. in Garwhal, DISTRIB. China. 



Stem 6-8 in., branched above. Leaves with gashed segments, uppermost simple, 

 Heads in. diam., erect in flower, inclined or drooping in fruit. Achenes angled. 

 The mucronate leaf-segments distinguish this at once from C. anthemoides. 



3. C. aurea, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. vi. 78 ; annual, prostrate, nearly glabrous, 

 leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, segments setaceous entire or divided, heads peduncled 



