336 LXXYIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Emilia. 



striate ; receptacle flat, naked. Style-arms subterete, tip short obtuse or long 

 and acute. Achenes subterete or angled and 5-ribbed ; pappus hairs copious, 

 white, soft, slender. DISTRIB. Species 4 or 5, Indian and tropical African. 



1. E. sonchitolia, DC. in Wight Contrib. 24; Prodr. vi. 302 ; glabrous, 

 scabrid or puberulous, erect or diffuse, invol. bracts about equalling the purple 

 flowers, achenes 5-ribbed scabrid, style-arms ^-cylindric tip conic. 



Common throughout INDIA from the Punjab to Tenasserim and CEYLON, ascending 

 to 4000 ft. in the hills (no specimen seen from the Malay Peninsula). DISTRIB. Asia,. 

 Africa (America, introduced ?). 



A very variable weed, 4-10 in. high. 



VAR. 1. sonchifolia proper; lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or sinuate- toothed 

 puberulous or glabrous, flowering branches leafy. E. sonchifolia, DC. in Wight Con- 

 trib. 24; Prodr. vi. 302. E. sonchifolia, vars. a and 0, Clarke Comp. 2nd. 174. 

 Cacalia sonchifolia, Linn. ; Eoxb. Fl. 2nd. iii. 413; Don Prodr. 180; Wall. Cat. 3144. 

 C. glabra, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 3145. Gynura ecalyculata, DC. I.e. 298. Prenanthes 

 sarmentosa, Wall. Cat. 3262, E. ; Eheede Hort. Mai. x. t. 68. Common in most parts 

 of India, ascending to 4000 ft. in the hills. 



VAR 2. scabra ; leaves all radical scaberulous, flowering stems naked. E. scabra, 

 DC. Prodr. vi. 303 ; Wight Ic. t. 1123. The Deccan and Khasia Mts. 



VAR. 3. mucronata, Clarke Comp. Ind. 175 ; lower leaves elliptic acute at both ends 

 upper sessile, base auricled. E. mucronata, Wall. Cat. 316. 



2. E. flammea, Cass. in Diet. So. Nat. xiv. 406, t. 5 ; Opusc. Phyt. 1, t. 

 5 ; erect, glabrous or scabrid, lower leaves petioled obovate or subspathulate 

 entire or toothed, upper large oblong or ovate-oblong deeply sagittately auricled, 

 invol. bracts much shorter than the scarlet flowers, achenes 5-ribbed scabrid, 

 style-arms -cylindric tip conic. E. sagittata, DC. Prodr. vi. 302; Dalz. fy 

 Gibs. Bomb. FL Suppl. 46. E. sonchifolia, var. sagittata, Clarke Comp. Ind. 175 

 (excl. habitat). Cacalia sagittata, Vahl Symb. iii. 91. Cacalia mucronata, 

 Heyne in Wall. Cat. 3161. 0. coccinea, Sot. Mag. t. 564. 



The CONCAN, Stocks (indigenous?). DISTRIB. Philippine Islands (DC.). 



This approaches the larger form of E. sonchifolia. but the lower leaves seem to be 

 always entire, and the scarlet heads are broader. The Concan specimens are very 

 glaucous. I suspect that this very commonly cultivated plant is not a native of 

 India. 



3. E. prenanthoidea, DC. Prodr. vi. 303 ; erect, glabrous, rarely 

 scabrid, slender, lowest leaves small ovate petioled or 0, all or upper sessile 

 linear-oblong obtuse or acute nearly entire deeply sagittately or broadly auricled 

 at the base, invol. bracts shorter than the scarlet flowers, style-arms dilated at 

 the tip, achenes glabrous. Clarke Comp. Ind. 176. E, angustifolia, DC. I. c. 

 Cacalia angustifolia and teres, Wall. Cat. 3163, 3164. 



SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 2000 ft., J. D. H. KHASIA MTS., alt. 2-4000 ft. ; common. 

 DISTRIB. Upper Birma. 



A very slender species, 1-3 ft. high, with much the habit of E. flammea, but with 

 few or radical leaves, and with glabrous achenes. I have seen but two specimens of 

 the scabrid form ; they were found by Dr. Thomson and myself near the Or/got river 

 in Khasia. 



4. E. zeylanica, Clarke Comp. Ind. 175; erect, glabrous or leaves 

 pubescent, slender, lowest leaves small petioled . or 0, cauline sessile narrowly 

 linear-oblong obtuse or acute entire base deeply sagittately or broadly auricled, 

 invol. bracts shorter than the flowers, style-arms slender tips conic, achenes 

 scabrid. E. prenanthoidea, Thwaites Enum. 167, in part. 



CEYLON ; Central Province, alt. 6-8000 ft., Thwaites. 



This very closely resembles E. prenanthoidea in all but the achenes and style-arms. 



