SenecioJ] LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) 351 



SIXXIM HIMALAYA; at Kongra-Lama, alt. 14-15,000 ft., J. D. H. 



A very slender species, 10-18 in. high; root with copious long erect fastigiate 

 fibrous remains of old leaves 2-3 in. long. Leaves 3 in. diam. and less ; petiole of 

 lower often as long as the stem, very slender. Heads with 1-2 linear bracteoles; 

 invol. bracts g- in., rather membranous when dry ; ligules | in. long, tip entire or 

 minutely toothed ; tube of disk-corolla equalling the limb. Achenes unripe, \ in. A 

 very distinct species, but looks as if drawn up amongst grass, &c. 



43. S. arnicoides, Wall. Cat. 3138, in part-, stout, erect, glabrous or 

 sparingly cottony above, leaves oblong ovate or elliptic obtuse toothed, lower 

 narrowed into the stout petiole which is winged above, cauline sessile amplexi- 

 caul or with a sheathing petiole, heads solitary or 2 or more in simple or branched 

 Tacemes large broad many-fld. drooping base very broad, invol. bracts 14-16 

 oblong acute bases connate, ligules many short broad, achenes shorter than the 

 whitish pappus. Clarke Comp. Ind. 207. Ligularia arnicoides, DC. Prodr. vi. 

 314; RoyleIU.t.W,f.Z. 



CENTRAL amd WESTERN HIMALAYA, alt. 12-14,000 ft.; Nipal, Wallich\ Garwhal, 

 Falconer, &c. ; Kunawer and Lahul ? Thomson. 



Stem stout, 12-1 8 in. Leaves variable, largest 8 by 5 in., coriaceous. Heads sometimes 

 2 in. diam., broadly campanulate; invol. bracts f in. long, 12-14; ligules 15-30, f 

 in. long, 7-H-nerved, tips entire or minutely toothed; tube of disk-corollas shorter 

 than the narrow limb. Achenes 1 in., broader upwards ; pappus rather scanty. 

 Specimens with single head approach Werneria Ellisii very much, in which, however, 

 the heads are erect and the bracts connate to above the middle. 



VAR. frigida; dwarf, 6-10 in., very stout, leaves chiefly radical very coriaceous, 

 heads solitary, invol. bracts glabrous or tomentose. Ligularia frigida, Schultz-Bip. in 

 Herb. Hook. Kunawer and Western Tibet; Nubra, Ladak, &c., alt. 15-17,000 ft. 



SEKIES B. Anther-cells tailed ; tails contiguous or connate. 



SECT. V. Synotis. Heads few or many-fld ; flowers all pappose ; invol. 

 bracts 1-seriate. 



* Climbing, leafy shrubs or undershrubs. 



44. S. araneosus, DC. Prodr. vi. 364; climbing, glabrous or sparsely 

 cottony, leaves petioled cordate acuminate entire or sub-3-lobed toothed or 

 sinuate- toothed 5-7-nerved, petiole not auricled, heads ^- in. long bracteolate 

 in open axillary and terminal rounded corymbs, invol. bracts 8, ligules 0, achenes 

 glabrous striate. Clarke Comp. Ind. 181, excl. some syns. S. arachnoideus 



Wall. Cat. 3163. S. Walkeri, Arn. Pugill. n. ]03 ; DC. I. c. ; Wight Ic. 1. 1131. 

 S. corymbosus, var. /3, Thwaites JEnum. 167. Cissampelopsis volubilis, Miq. Fl. 

 Ind. Bat. ii. 103. Cacalia ? volubilis, Blume, DC. I. c. 331. 



WESTERN HIMALAYA ; from Sikkim to Mishmi, alt. 5-7000 ft. KHASIA MTS., alt. 

 2-5000 ft. NILGHERRY MTS., Wight. CEYLON; Central Province, alt. 7-8000 ft., 

 Walker, &c. DISTRIB. Java. 



An extensive climber ; branches grooved. Leaves 3-7 by 2-5 in., coriaceous or 

 membranous, finely reticulated. Invol. bracts linear-oblong, subacute, with a thick- 

 ened mesial band and pale margins. Pappus white. Very variable in foliage. I find 

 no difference between the South Indian and some Sikkim specimens ; the Khasian have 

 often much larger more lobed leaves. 



45. S. corymbosus, Wall. Cat. 3121 ; climbing, leaves petioled orbicular- 

 or ovate-cordate acute denticulate 5-7-nerved glabrous above densely cinnamo- 

 meous-tomentose beneath, petiole not auricled, heads - in. long in dense 

 axillary and terminal rounded corymbs, invol. bracts 8, ligules 0, achenes glabroiu 

 striate. DC. in Wight Contrib. 22; Prodr. 364; Wight Ic. t. 1130. 



NILGHERRY MTS., Noton, Wight, &c. CBYLOK; Central Province, alt. 7-8000 ft 

 Walker, &c. 



