360 LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cousinia. 



calcitrapiformis, Jaub. Sf Spach. III. PL Or. li. 157, t. 158 ; Clarlte Comp. Lid. 

 213. C. avalensis, Bunge PL Lehm. 352. 



The PUNJAB, at Hazara, Stewart, &c. DISTRIB. AfFghanistan, Beluchistan, and 

 Persia. 



A small rigid herb, with spreading branches. Leaves cobwebby on both surfaces. 

 Heads small, numerous ; invol. bracts stellately spreading. Pappus very deciduous, 

 hairs scab rid. 



** Bristles of the receptacle more or less rough. 



2. C. Thomson!, Clarke Comp. Ind. 213 ; tall, stout, erect, cottony, stem 

 not winged, branched, radical leaves petioled linear deeply interruptedly pinna- 

 tifid cobwebby above densely white-tomentose beneath, segments horizontal 

 triangular with a stout nerve and rigid long spine, cauline ovate-lanceolate sessile 

 or auricled, heads l-2 in. diam. terminal peduncled, invol. bracts woolly nume- 

 rous -! in. long triangular-lanceolate ending in a stiff spreading or recurved 

 spine, inner linear scarious shining aristate, tip woolly, recept. hairs scabrid above, 

 pappus scabrid. C. Brandisii, Clarke L c. 215. 



WESTERN HIMALAYA; from Lahul to Kumaon, alt. 10-14,000 ft., Falconer, &c. 



Probably biennial ; stem cottony all over, not shining. Radical leaves 5-10 by 

 f-1 5 in. ; segments sometimes forked or 3-sect at the base, with the lobes divaricating ; 

 midrib very stout and glossy. Heads suberect or nodding ; invol. bracts variable in 

 length and stoutness, very rigid ; receptacular bristles in. ; corolla glabrous, - in. 

 long (1 in Clarke). Achenes obovoid, glabrous. 



3. C. Falconer!, Hook. f. ; stout, erect, cottony, stem not winged 

 branched, radical leaves petioled pinnatifid or ^-pinnatifid cobwebby above 

 densely white-tomentose beneath, segments horizontal triangular or lanceolate 

 simple or lobulate, tip and lobes spinescent, heads -2 in. diam. sessile or sub- 

 sessile solitary or fascicled, invol. bracts numerous woolly 1-1^ in. long subulate- 

 lanceolate ending in a stiff erect or spreading spine, inner linear aristate scarious 

 shining, recept. hairs scabrid above. Cirsium, sp. 15, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. 

 8fT. 



WESTERN TIBET, Falconer. KISHTWAR, alt. 11,000 ft. Thomson. 



This is very near C. Thomsoni, but differs in the fascicled heads with straight 

 invol. bracts, and in the broader usually less pinnatifid leaves with longer lobed seg- 

 ments. 



4. C. auriculata, Boiss. *FL Orient, iii. 502 ; cottony, stem corymbosely 

 branched not winged, leaves glabrous or cobwebby above densely cottony be- 

 neath, radical oblong-ovate obtuse serrulate, cauline ovate or ovate-lanceolate 

 sinuate or pinnatifid, tip .and lobes strongly spinescent, heads 1-2 in. solitary 

 peduncled, invol. bracts f-l in. base very small concave, spines very long stout 

 spreading and recurved keeled deeply channelled above, inner scarious erect* 

 shining narrowly oblanceolate aristate margin above serrulate, receptacular 

 bristles slender scabrid above twisted below. 



TRANS-INDUS PLAINS, alt. 6000 ft., and KASHMIR valley (scarce), Stewart. DISTRIB. 

 Afghanistan. 



The specimens are very imperfect, as are Griffith's, from which Boissier's descrip- 

 tion is taken. The pappus is, I think, very short or 0. 



5. C. microcarpa, Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 496; biennial, sparsely cottony, 

 stem rather slender dichotomously corymbosely branched and branches spinu- 

 ously winged, leaves glabrate above cottony beneath, radical lyrate runcinate- 

 pinnatifid segments toothed, cauline sessile linear-oblong irregularly pinnatifid 

 and toothed, lobes and teeth spinescent, heads 1 in. diam. peduncled globose, 



