Cnicus.] LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) '363 



linear acuminate, corolla in. white. Clarke Ccnnp. Ind. 218, excl. var. 0. C. 

 verutus, Dm Prodr. 167 ? Carduus argyracanthus, Wall. Cat. 2903. 



TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 6-9000 ft., from Murree to Bhotan (excl. Sikkim). 



A more slender plant than C. involucratus, with the leaves always glabrous above, 

 and much more numerous smaller and densely fascicled heads. Achenes in. long; 

 pappus \ in., nearly white. 



4. C. Falconer!, Hook. f. ; tall, very robust, stem villous, leaves mem- 

 branous setose and spinescent above appressed cottony beneath teeth and lobes 

 spinescent, cauline large broad ovate or ovate-lanceolate sinuate-lobed or sub- 

 pinnatifid, head 2-3 in. diam. subsolitary globose drooping densely woolly, 

 invol. bracts very many lanceolate all ending in a long slender flexuous spine, 

 corolla 1 in. 0. horridus, Clarke Comp. Ind. 220, not of Bieb. 



"WESTERN HIMALAYA ; from Kashmir, Falconer, to Kunawar, Jacqiiemont. 

 A very fine species, of which I have seen no radical leaves. The heads resemble 

 those of C. hriophorm, but the weak spines of the invol. bracts at once distinguish it. 



6. C. eriophoroides, Hook. f. ; tall, stout, stem sparsely villous or 

 cottony, leaves membranous glabrous cobwebby or setulose above cottony or 

 giabrate beneath, lobes and teeth spinescent, radical petioled pinnatifid lobes 

 broad lobulate, cauline large broad ovate or ovate-lanceolate sinuate-lobed, 

 heads 2-8 in. diam. solitary or clustered densely woolly, invol. bracts lanceolate 

 ending in soft long spines inner numerous linear acuminate, corolla 2| in. 0. 

 Eriophorus, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T. ; Clarke Comp. Ind. 217. 



SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; alt. 10-14,000 ft., J. D. H. 



Very similar to C. Falconeri, but the heads are less globose, the iuvol. bracts 

 fewer and many of the inner are soft linear and not spinescent, the corollas are 

 longer. Achenes and pappus as in C. involucratus. 



6. C. G-riifitliii, Hook. f. ; robust, stem cottony, cauline leaves sessile or 

 base auricled pinnatifid, lobes lanceolate acute spinescent setulose above white 

 appressed-tomentose beneath, heads 2 in. diam. crowded glabrous, outermost 

 invol. bracts short with acicular points, the rest linear wavy aristate or acumi- 

 nate, corolla Ig- in. long. 



UPPER ASSAM ; Mishmi hills, Griffith. 



This differs from all the previous described species in the long soft invol. bracts, 

 which are extremely numerous, quite glabrous, none really spinescent, the points of 

 the outermost being merely needle-like. The pappus is longer, fully I in. long. 

 The achenes are as in C. involucratiis. 



** Inner inwl. bracts with dilated tips. 



7. C. Wallichii, DC. Prodr. vi. 643 (Cirsium) ; stem pubescent leafy, 

 leaves sessile sinuate-pinnatifid lobes spinescent lobulate spines very long and 

 strong glabrous above and beneath or cottony or tomentose beneath, heads f -1 

 in. solitary and on naked peduncles or sessile fascicled and involucrate, outer 

 invol. bracts lanceolate ending in appressed erect or recurved spines, inner with 

 spreading or recurved more or less dilated, lanceolate or ovate spreading or 

 recurved scarious serrulate acute or spinescent tips, corolla f in. long. 0. 

 carlinoides, Cass. var. /3, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. $ T. 



TEMPERATE HIMALAYA ; from Marri to Bhotan, alt. 6-12,000 ft. NILGHERRY 

 MTS., alt. 6000 ft. 



An extremely variable plant, 4-10 ft. high, with spreading branches, which passes 

 into C. argyracanthus through var. Wightiana in the Eastern Himalayas and the 

 Nilgherries. The following varieties pass into one another in the most perplexing 

 way. Corolla white, yellow or red (according to Clarke). 



