364 LXXVIJI. COMPOSITE;. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cnicus. 



VAR. 1. ncpalensis; leaves white-tomentose beneath, heads peduncled, inner invol. 

 bracts with broadly dilated scarious reflexed tips in many series more numerous 

 than the outer spiniferous ones, sometimes occupying two thirds of the head. Cnicus 

 arachnoides, Wall. Cat. 2891. C. Wallichii, Clarke Comp. Ind. 219. Cirsium 

 nepalense, DC. Prodr. vi. 642. 



VAR. 2. cernua ; more slender, leaves white-tomentose beneath, heads peduncled, 

 inner invol. bracts in few series with narrowly dilated erect or reflexed tips, much 

 fewer than the outer spiniferous ones and occupying nearly the whole head. C. 

 -argyracanthus, var. , Clarke Comp. Ind. 218. C. cernuus, Watt. Cat. 2892. Cirsium 

 Wallichii, DC. Prodr. vi. 643. 



VAR. 3. glabrata ; usually larger with more membranous leaves which are quite 

 or nearly glabrous beneath, heads large fascicled or peduncled, inner invol. bracts 

 numerous with long lanceolate or ovate spinescent tips. 



VAR. 4. fasciculate ; very spinous, leaves white-tomentose or cottony beneath, 

 heads fascicled, inner invol. bracts with long lanceolate dilated spinescent tips. 



VAR. 5. platylepis very spinous, leaves sessile tomentose or glabrous beneath, 

 heads usually fascicled, invol. bracts almost all short with broadly ovate spinescent 

 tips. Kashmir and Dras. 



VAR. 6. Wlghtii ; tall, much branched, leaves glabrous or nearly so beneath, heads 

 large usually fascicled, inner row of bracts with dilated or hardly dilated lanceolate 

 recurved tips. Cirsium argyracanthum, Wight Ic. t. 1137-8. C. macracanthum, 

 Schultz-Bip. in Herb. Hohenack. No. 1019. From Simla to Sikkim, alt, 8-10,000 ft., 

 and Bhotan. This passes into C. argyracanthum. One Sikkim specimen has no 

 obvious dilatation to the inner invol. bracts. 



* Outer invol. bracts spinulose, inner linear with inftexed acute (not dilated) 

 tips. 



8. C. sinensis, Oard. et Champ, in Hook. Kew Journ. 1323 (Cirsium) ; 

 stem slender strict fastigiately branched above, branches slender erect, leaves 

 narrow sessile linear-oblong- or -lanceolate ciliate and spinescent smooth or 

 scaberulous above white-tomentose beneath, heads solitary long-ped uncled erect 

 1 in. diarn. glabrous or cottony, outer invol. bracts appressed oblong obtuse or 

 tips spinulose inner linear with inflexed acute tips, corolla f in. purple. Clarke 

 Comp. Ind. 219. 



KHASIA MTS. ; in marshy places, alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. DISTRIB. Upper 

 Birma, China. 



Stem 3-6 ft., stiff, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves numerous, 2-5 in., the 

 larger and longer sinuate-lobed, the lobes bearing 2-3 spines, the sinus spinulose, 

 margins of the smaller leaves recurved, upper very small. Invol. bracts very nume- 

 rous and appressed, imbricate in many series. Achenes in. ; pappus ^ in. 



88. SZX.VBUM, Gartn. 



An erect glabrous thistle. Leaves alternate, sinuate-lobed, spinescent, 

 marbled with white. Heads large, solitary, terminal, nodding, homogamous ; ' 

 flowers all g , similar and fertile, purple, tube slender, limb dilated below 5-fid. 

 Involucre subglobose ; bracts oo -seriate, broad and fimbriated with spines below 

 above terminating in a spreading rigid spine, inner lanceolate erect pungent ; re- 

 ceptacle flat, densely bristly, Filaments glabrous, united in a sheath below ; 

 anther-bases sagittate, auricles connate mucronate or shortly tailed. Style 

 subentire, ring below the hairs not prominent. Achenes glabrous, obovoid- 

 oblong, compressed, basal areole straight ; pappus-hairs GO -seriate, unequal, 

 subpaleaceous, united at the base in a deciduous ring. 



S. Marianum, Gaertn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 556 ; DC. Prodr. vi. 616; 

 Clarke Comp. Ind. 220; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 151. Carduus Marianus, 

 Jjinn. 



