Silylum.'] LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) 365 



PUNJAB and N. W. HIMALAYA ; Peshawur, Hazara, and from Kashmir to Jamu, 

 alt. 6-8000 ft. DISTBIB. Westwards to N. Africa and Europe. 



Annual or biennial, shining ; stem 1-4 ft., grooved, not winged. Leaves lar^e r 

 with strong spines. Heads 1-2 in. diam., base intruded ; invol. bracts coriaceous, 

 with a spine ^-f in. long, outermost mucronate ; receptacle fleshy, flowers rose- 

 purple. Achenes in., transversely wrinkled, black or gray ; pappus white. 



89. SAUSSTTREA, DC. 



Annual, biennial or perennial, glabrous or tomentose herbs of various habit. 

 Leaves unarmed, alternate, entire toothed pinnatitid or pinnatisect. Heads 

 narrow or broad, sometimes crowded on the dilated top of a simple stem, 

 peduncled or sessile, solitary corymbose or panicled, homogamous; flowers 

 purple or blueish, all 5 and similar, tube slender, limb narrow 5-fid. Involucre 

 ovoid oblong globose or hemispheric ; bracts QO -seriate, appressed, not spinescent, 

 inner longer narrower ; receptacle flat or convex, densely bristly, rarely naked. 

 Filaments free, glabrous ; anther-bases sagittate, auricles connate, tails usually 

 long entire ciliate or woolly. Style-arms linear. Achenes glabrous, oblong, 

 4-ribbed, smooth or rugose; top truncate and cupular, or crowned with a 

 thickened disk and the persistent base of the style ; basal areole straight ; 

 pappus-hairs 1-2-seriate, inner feathery, base thickened and connate into a 

 deciduous ring, outer usually of rigid scabrid bristles rarely feathery or 0. 

 DISTKIB. Species about 60, northern temp, and mountain plant. 



Saussurea finds its maximum development in the Himalaya, and is protean in 

 habit, foliage, inflorescence, and all its organs. It presents two very distinct groups-, 

 of which that designated Eriocoryne is as well deserving of generic recognition as any 

 in the Order. For the subordinate divisions I have been compelled to have recourse 

 to characters of habit and foliage. Little dependence can be placed on the size of the 

 head, nor on the number, form and texture of the invol. bracts (of which 8. deltoides 

 is a most conspicuous example) ; nor on the absolute length of the recept. bristles, 

 though their relative length is a fair guide. The achenes often vary extremely in the 

 same species, in length, amount of compression, smoothness or roughness, and in the 

 form of the top ; and the outer pappus, which is always, when present, caducous, is 

 sometimes absent or present in the same species. 



SFBGEN. I. Eusaussurea. Glabrous, woolly or cottony, rarely villous 

 herbs. Stem or simple or branched above. Heads sessile or peduncled. 

 Achenes truncate or crowned with a rim or cup on which the outer pappus, if 

 present, is inserted. Jkc /-Ji~ 



SECT. 1. Stem simple, leafy. Heads more or less enclosed in the inflated 

 bladdery, membranous, veined uppermost leaves. (See also S. alandulifera.) 



1. S. obvallata, Wall. Cat. (under 2906) ; stem stout simple pubescent 

 or glabrate, leaves 4-8 in. glabrous obtuse toothed lower petioled elongate- 

 obovate, cauline sessile ^-arnplexicaul oblong concave, floral cymbiform mem- 

 branous enclosing 2-6 sessile or shortly peduncled glabrous heads, invol. bracts 

 lanceolate, pappus brown, outer bristles scabrid or 0. Clarke Comp. Ind. 223. 

 Oarduus obvallatus and 0. tectus, Watt. Cat 2095, 2906. Aplotaxis obvallata, 

 DC. Prodr. vi. 541 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. iv. t. 69 ; Ledeb. Fl. Eoss. ii. 673 

 (Haplotaxis). 



WESTERN HIMATATA ; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 10-15,000 ft., BlinkwortJi, 

 &c. DISTRIB. Altai Mts. 



Hoot very thick, crowned with blackened remains of petioles, &c. Stem 6-18 in., 

 as thick as a little finger or less, terminated by the incurved bladdery veined translu- 

 cent leaves which form a pale head 3-6 in. diam. Heads ^-% in. diam., hemispheric ; 

 invol. bracts tipped and often margined with black ; corolla in.; anther-tails very 



