Saussurea.'] LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) 375 



. Stem 4-8 ft., sometimes as thick as the thumb below, grooved, glabrous pubescent 

 or cottony. Leaves 2-18 in. long, white or buff beneath, terminal lobe sometimes 10 

 in. broad. Heads extremely variable, sessile or peduncled, scattered or fascicled ; 

 in vol. bracts glabrous or cottony, all narrow or the outer broad and obtuse, erect or 

 recurved, often tipped and margined with purple ; corolla ^- in., tube rather longer 

 than the limb ; anther-tails subulate, nearly entire. Achencs ~- in., very variable in 

 breadth, always 4-5, 4-angled with a terminal entire or toothed cup, black, perfectly 

 smooth or tubercled on the angles or all over, or covered with broad adnate scales ; 

 pappus equalling the corolla, white. 



VAR. nivca ; heads smaller subglobose clustered subsessile or shortly peduncled, 

 invol. bracts shortly ovate obtuse hoary, corolla and pappus in., achenes variable as 

 in the type. S. deltoidea, var. polycephala, Clarke Comp. Ind. 236. Aplotaxis nivca, 

 DC. Prodr. vi. 541. Cnicus niveus, Wall. Cat. 2898. Synanthera, Wall. Cat. 7135. 

 Nipal, Sikkim, and the Khasia nits., alt. 4-6000 ft. ; Martaban, alt. 6-7000 ft,, Kurz. 

 It is difficult to believe that this is a variety of 8. deltoidea, but the intermediate 

 forms are too numerous to render it doubtful. No other Indian species is so variable 

 in the involucre and acheues. 



? VAR. pegucnsis ; leaves pubescent or cobwebby above, heads shortly pedicelled sub- 

 racemose, invol. bracts linear-lanceolate acute erect outer woolly inner villous, achenes 

 oblong cylindric striate smooth. S. peguensis, Clarke Comp. Ind. 235. Karen hills, 

 I^irma, Riley. I know nothing of this plant, which Clarke says is perhaps a variety 

 of the Khasian form (var. nivea) of S. deltoidea. If the description of the achenes is 

 correct, it must be different, for in all the varieties in S. deltoidea the 4-5-angled 

 shape of the achene is constant. 



33. S. Jacea, Clarke Comp. Ind. 223; stem 1-4 ft. simple below branched 

 above, leaves uniform, sessile ^-amplexicaul ovate or oblong obtuse or acute quite 

 entire scaberulous on both surfaces, heads ^-f in. diam. solitary and terminating 

 the branches or in terminal corymbs, invol. bracts few rigid broad outer 

 ovate obtuse or acute inner lanceolate, receptacle narrow bristles flattened ex- 

 ceeding the involucre, achenes unripe narrow smooth, pappus double hairs all 

 feathery. Aplotaxis Jacea, Klotzsch in Reise Pr. Wold. Hot. 79, t. 79. 



KASHMIR, KUNAWTJR, and WESTERN TIBET, alt. 9-15,000 ft., Falconer, Thomson. 



Stem rigid, puberulous, terete, not grooved, and branches very leafy. Leaves 3-4 

 by 1|-2|- in., rigid, base usually rounded. Heads on strict rather slender peduncles, 

 invol. bracts appressed, hard, margins purple ; receptacle very narrow; bristles curved, 

 gradually narrowed from the flattened base, rigid ; corolla ij. ; anther-tails subulate, 

 entire. Achenes (unripe) \ in. long, smooth, shining, ribs slender, top truncate ; pappus 

 more than \ in., brown. 



34. S. denticulata, Wall. Cat. 2917; stem simple below erect stout 

 leafy, leaves uniform, sessile oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate 

 iinely toothed cottony or glabrous beneath, heads broad solitary and terminal or 

 terminating branches on long peduncles, invol. bracts glabrous rigid obtuse outer 

 ovate inner linear-oblong margins scarious lacerate purple, receptacular bristles 

 flattened exceeding the involucre, achenes compressed smooth many-ribbed, 



ppus double, hairs all feathery. Clarke Comp. Ind. 234. Aplotaxis^denticu- 

 ata, DC. Prodr. vi. 539. A. fastuosa, Dene in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 97, t. 105. 



CENTRAL and EASTERN HIMALAYA; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 7-11,000 ft. 



Stem 1-3 ft., glabrous or cottony, simple and 1 -headed or branched above, each 

 branch with a head. Leaves 3-9 by 1-2^ in., thinly coriaceous, nerves very numerous 

 and slender. Heads usually subtended by a small leaf; peduncle sometimes 6 in., very 

 stout and stiff ; receptacle broader than in S. Jacea; bristles similar; corolla ^ in.; 

 anther-tails short, subulate, perfectly entire. Achenes I in., narrowly obovoid, strongly 

 many -ribbed, pale, shining, tip oblique rather contracted; pappus ^ in., pale brown. 

 The inner invol. bracts are almost appendaged by the broad scarious margins; the 

 quite entire short anther-tails are peculiar. 



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