376 LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Saussurca. 



SECT. VI. Ziappa. Tall, very stout herbs; stem 4-10 ft., simple below. 

 Heads corymbose or fascicled or solitary and terminal or axillary ; outer invol. 

 bracts broad, rigid ; recept. bristles very long, sometimes exceeding the involucre. 

 Pappus double, outer hairs feathery. 



35. S. Lappa, Clarke Comp. Ind. 233; stem tall very robust simple 

 pubescent above, leaves membranous scaberulous above glabrate beneath irregu- 

 larly toothed, radical very large triangular with a long lobately-winged petiole, 

 cauline shorter petioled or sessile with an atiricled ^-amplexicaul base, heads 

 subglobose 1-1|- in. diam. sessile axillary or in a terminal cluster of 2-5, invol. 

 bracts very many ovate-lanceolate acuminate rigid squarrosely recurved glabrous, 

 recept. bristles very long, achenes compressed tip narrowed, pappus double hairs 

 all feathery. Aplotaxis Lappa, Dene in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 96, 1. 104. Aucklandia 

 Costus, Falconer in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 23. 



KASHMIR, alt. 8-12,000 ft., Falconer, &c. 



Stem 6-7 ft., as thick as the little finger below. Radical leaves with the petiole 2-3 

 ft. long, terminal lobe often a foot in diameter; caulino 6-12 in. long with the petiole. 

 Heads very hard ; invol. bracts numerous, purple, young pubescent ; recept. bristles 

 in. ; corolla dark purple, % in. long; anther-tails fimbriate. Achenes upwards of ^ in., 

 curved, compressed, with thickened margins and one rib on each face, top contracted 

 and cupped ; pappus hairs in., Lrown. Supposed to be the Costus of the ancients, 

 and used largely as a medicine in India, but its properties have never been investi- 

 gated. 



. II. Eriocoryne. Densely woolly herbs. Stems simple, clavate. 

 Heads very numerous, sessile and densely crowded on the flat usually hollow 

 dilated top of the stem, often concealed by woolly floral leaves. Achenes crowned 

 by the hardened disk and base of the style. 



36. S. gossypiphora, Don Prodi: 168; densely clothed with long 

 white or yellowish matted wool, stem 6-12 in. simple clavate leafy, leaves sessile 

 linear remotely toothed or runcinate-pinnatifid usually glabrous above glabrous 

 or woolly beneath, heads concealed, invol. bracts linear-oblong shining, achenes 

 in. narrow 4-5-angled and compressed, outer pappus hairs few scabrid numerous 

 or 0. Wall. Cat. 2920 A. S. gossypina, Wall. PI. As. Rar. ii. 32, t. 138 ; 

 Clarke Comp. Ind. 228 (arc/. syn.\ Aplotaxis gossypina, DC. Prodr. vi. 541. 

 Eriocoryne nidularis. Wall. inss. 



ALPINE HIMALAYA; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 14-17,000 ft. 



Hoot perennial (or biennial?), spongy, fusiform, simple or forked. Stem hollow 

 throughout, often 4 in. broad at the truncate top, base clothed with membranous black 

 shining remains of leaf-bases, leafy throughout and covered often 1 in. thick with 

 wool. Leaves 1-6 by -f in., sometimes 2-pinnatifid ; lobes or teeth distant. Heads 

 very many, ^-1 in. long, cylindric ; invol. bracts short, erect, pubescent or woolly 

 above or glabrous and shining throughout ; receptacle pitted, bristles about equalling' 

 the achenes ; corolla ^-^ in., straight, limb equalling the tube, lobes short ; anthers 

 half included, tails slender, nearly entire. Achenes in. long, narrowly obovoid, com- 

 pressed, brown, crowned with a tumid hardened disk and beaked by the stylo-base. 

 One of the most singular Himalayan plants, with the habit of Crepis glomerata. 

 ^^ ^ allich (in Plant. Asiat.) changed Don's clumsy name for the more euphonious gossy- 

 pina, but having adopted the former in his catalogue, I feel obliged to retain it. 



37. S. sacra, Edyew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 7(3; densely woolly, stem 

 4-6 in. simple clavate, leaves sessile linear pinnatifid, heads exposed", invol. 

 bracts lanceolate, achenes ^-^ in. 4-5-angled smooth or warted, outer pappus 

 hairs scabrid few numerous or 0. S. gossypiphora, Wall. Cat. 2910 B. 



ALPINE HIMALAYA; from Garwhal to Sikkim, alt. 14-18,000 ft. 



I greatly doubt this being specifically distinct from Gr. gossypiphora, with which 



