Prenanthes.'] LXXYIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) 413 



SIKKIM HIMALAYA ; Lachen valley, alt. 9000 ft., J. D. H. 



A very slender branched species, 3-4 ft. high, with membranous leaves 1-1 A- in. 

 diam., very glaucous beneath, and heads as in the other species, but achenes in. long-, 

 narrowed towards both ends. 



6. P. scandens, Hook. f. T. ; Clarke Comp. 2nd. 274 ; scandent, 

 glabrous puberulous or pubescent, branched, flexuous, leaves ovate or triangular- 

 ovate acuminate ciliate base truncate cordate or hastate, petiole shorter than the 

 blade quite simple, heads in axillary and terminal panicles with divaricating 

 branches shortly peduncled pendulous glabrous, achenes very slender almost 

 beaked shorter than the whitish pappus. 



SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 4-9000 ft,, common. UPPER ASSAM; Mishmi Mts,, 

 Griffith. 



A tall flaccid rambling climber, with zig-zag stem and branches. Leaves nearly 

 glabrous in Sikkim, pubescent with crisped hairs in Mishmi. Leaves 3-5 by 2-3 in., 

 glaucous beneath, margins with strong projecting remote cilia ; petiole j-1^ in. Heads 

 ^ in. long ; ligules rose-purple. Achenes in., much more slender than in any of the 

 preceding species and more nearly beaked, being much attenuated from above the 

 middle ; papp\is nearly white. 



11C. PXCRXDXUftX, Desf. 



Perennial or annual glabrous milky herbs. Leaves radical or alternate, toothed 

 or pinnatifid, lobes often crisped and toothed or spinulose. Heads campanulate, 

 yellow, homogauious ; fl. all ligulate. Involucre campanulate ; bracts oc -seriate, 

 thinly herbaceous, innermost subequal lanceolate unchanged in fruit, outer 

 shorter broader with scarious margins ; receptacle flat, naked. Achenes oblong-, 

 truncate at both ends, constricted atjthe tip ; ribs 4-5, thick, transversely rugose ; 

 pappus hairs oo -seriate, slender, simple, soft, white, connate at the base into a 

 deciduous ring. DISTRIB. Species 5 or 6, Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. 



P. ting*itanum, Desf. , fioiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 827 ; annual, stem stout, 

 radical leaves elongate-obov'ate or spathulate obtuse sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid 

 denticulate, cauline ^-amplexicaul auricled, peduncle thickened under the head, 

 invol. bracts cordate with very broad membranous margins and thickened tips, 

 inner oblong, achenes 4-angled or of 4 moniliform ribs. DC. Proclr. vii. 182; 

 Clarke Comp. Ind. 275. P. orientale, DC. 1. c. Scorzonera tingitana andorieu- 

 talis, Linn. 



The PUNJAB, Jacquemont ; Futtohgurh, Edgewortli ; Tilla rocks and Byree, common, 

 Altchison. DISTRIB. Affghan and Beluchistan, Persia, Arabia, and N. Africa to tho 

 Canaries, S. Europe. 



Stem 6-18 in., glabrous. Leaves 1-5 in., variable in breadth. Heads H in. diam, 

 Achenes in. long, pale, corky; pappus in., very soft and white. 



VAR. subintegra, Boiss. 1. c. 828 ; tall, robust, cauline leaves 3-4 in. linear-oblong- 

 quite entire or obscurely denticulate. Ajmir. Jacquemont. This looks a very different 

 plant, except in the head, from P. tingitanum, being tall, with the stem as thick as 

 a goose-quill and quite entire oblong leaves; it is probably a state growing in rich 

 soil. 



117. SONCKUS, Linn. 



Annual or perennial milky herbs. Leaves radical or alternate, cauline often 

 stem-clasping, entire toothed or pinnatifid, segments often spinulose-toothed. 

 Heads terminal, irregularly subcorymbose umbellate or panicled, yellow, homo- 

 gamous ; fl. all ligulate. Involucre ovoid campanulate or cylindric, often dilated 

 thickened and conic at the base ; bracts oo -seriate, herbaceous, outer smaller : 

 receptacle flat, naked. Achenes ovoid obovoid or ellipsoid, compressed, next 

 beaked, ribbed, ribs smooth or transversely rugose ; pappus copious, hairs oc - 

 seriate, very slender, simple, usually white and united at the base into a deciduous 



