418 LXXVIII. COMPOSITE. (J. D. Hooker.) [Tragopogon. 



Leaves 3-10 by \-\ in., base dilated. Scape 1- rarely 2-3-fld , not thickened under 

 the head. Invol. bracts | 1^ in. long. Achcnes beak not long nor slender. 



2. T. pratense, Zwn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 747 ; glabrous, stem usually 

 branched and leafy, leaves gradually narrowed from a broad sheathing base, 

 peduncle hardly thickened under the head, invol. bracts about 8 equalling or 

 exceeding the yellow ligules, acheues long-beaked muricate. DC. Prodr. vii. 

 113. 



WESTERN HIMALAYA and WESTERN TIBET; alt. 12-14,000 ft., Thomson, &c. 

 DISTRIB. Westward to the Atlantic. 



Stem 6-24 in., leafy, often stout. Leaves -^ in. diam. about the middle. InvoL 

 bracts ^-3 in. long. Achcnes f to nearly 1 in., beak equalling or shorter than the 

 body, very slender. 



3. T. porrifolium, Linn. ; 'Boiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 745 ; glabrous or 

 cottony, stem usually branched and leafy, leaves gradually narrowed from a 

 very broad sheathing base, peduncle much inflated under the head, invol. bracts 

 about 8 exceeding the purple ligules, achenes long-beaked muricate. DC. 

 Prodr. vii. 113. 



WESTERN TIBET; Falconer. SIMLA; in cultivated places, Thomson. DISTRIB. 

 Westwards to the Mediterranean. 



Habit of T. pratense, distinguished by the swollen peduncle and purple ligules ; 

 the achenes are 1 in. long in Tibetan specimens and much muricated. 



120. SCORZONERA, Linn. 



Perennial, rarely annual herbs. Leaves alternate or radical, entire lobed or 

 pinnatisect. Heads large, loug-peduncled, yellow, homogamous; fl. all ligulate. 

 Involucre cylindric or campanulate ; bracts GO -seriate, thinly herbaceous, acute 

 or the inner acuminate, outer gradually (rarely suddenly) smaller ; receptacle 

 naked or pitted, rarely villous. Achenes linear, subterete or the outer angled, 

 co -ribbed, rarely 2-3-winged, basal areole broad, hollowed ; pappus hairs 

 oo -seriate, unequal, serrulate or feathery, 5-10 usually longer and with simple 

 (not feathery) tips. DISTEIB. Species about 100, Europe, N. Africa, W. and 

 Centr. Asia. 



SECT. I. ZSu Scorzonera. Achenes terete or angled, not winged. 



1. S. divaricata, Turcz.; DC. Prodr. vii. 125; glabrous, stem slender 

 simple or branched, leaves slender curved, heads cylindric, invol. bracts 4-8 

 3._4_seriate glabrous or pubescent, ligules yellow, achenes in. very slender 

 longer than the pappus smooth. Clarke Comp. Ind. 278. S. virgata, DC. I. c.f 

 S.Roylei,DC.l.c. 



WESTERN HIMALAYA; from Kashmir to Kunawur ; and WESTERN TIBET; alt. 

 9-15,000 ft., Falconer, &c. DISTRIB. Mongolia. 



Root woody. Stem branched from the base or above only, rarely simple, grooved, 

 branches divaricate. Leaves 2-6 by ^-^ in., margins incurved. Heads 1-1 in.; 

 5-8-fld. ; outer invol. bracts short, broad, inner long linear. Achcnes pale, smooth, 

 striate ; pappus hairs feathery below. 



2. S. purpurea, Linn. ; JBoiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 7G8; glabrous or sparsely 

 woolly, stem slender, leaves narrowly linear shorter than the stem, heads few 

 large cylindric, invol. bracts imbricate pubescent outermost ovate inner lanceo- 

 late shorter than the purple ligules, achenes angled shorter than the pappus, 

 ribs rugose. 



KASHMIR ; Banahal, alt. 8000 ft., Thomson. DISTRIB. Asia Minor. 



I have seen only 2 specimens, from Kashmir, which want the tufts of fibres at the 



