438 LXXX. CAMPANULACE2B. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sphenoclea. 



alternate with its segments, filaments short linear ; anthers ovate. Ovary at 

 first inferior, 2-celled ; ovules very many on stalked placentas ; style short, 

 stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule ^-inferior, membranous ' below ; crown 

 superior, depressed, conical, circunisciss, hard. Seeds very many, narrowly 

 oblong ; testa somewhat lax. 



1. S. zeylanica, Gaertn. Fruct. i. 113, t. 24, fig. 5 ; Eoxl. Fl. 2nd. i. 507; 

 Wall. Cat. 1516 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, ii. 209. S. Pongatium, A. DC. 

 Prodr. vii. 548 ; Wight 111 t, 138 ; Soiss. Fl. Orient, iii. 963. Pongatium 

 indicum, LamJc. III. ii. 444. Gaertnera Pangati, JRetz Obs. vi. 24. Kapinia 

 herbacea, Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (ed. Willd.} i. 157. Sphenoclea, Griff. Notul. iv. 

 276.Rheede Hort. Mai. xi. t. 24. 



Throughout INDIA. ; in swamps. DISTKIB. In both hemispheres in warm regions. 

 Stem 12-24 in. Leaves 2-3 by \-\ in., narrowed at both ends, sometimes shortly 

 petioled. Peduncles -1 in. ; spikes -1^ in., dense both in flower and fruit. Calyx- 



lobes JQ in. ; in fruit somewhat enlarged, ~ in., triangular, closely inflexed over the 

 disc. Corolla ^ in., lobes short, valvate in bud (Griffith says imbricate). Fruit in. 

 diam. Seeds minute, scabrous from microscopic papillse or scales. 



12. PHYTEUIVXA, Linn. 



Perennial herbs. Radical leaves petioled, cauline alternate. Floivers capi- 

 tate, spicate, or (in all the Indian species) panicled. Calyx-tube aduate, ob- 

 conic; limb 5-partite. Corolla rotate, 5-lobed nearly to the base, segments 5 

 narrow. Stamens free from the corolla, filaments widely dilated at the base ; 

 anthers free. Ovary 2-celled (in the Indian species) ; ovules very many in each 

 cell. Style cyliudric ; stigma 2-fid. Capsule dehiscing by small valves on the 

 sides. Seeds minute, ellipsoid. Species 50, Europe, N. Africa and Temp. 

 Asia. 



The Indian species belongs to the sub-genus Podanfkus, G. Don, referred by 

 Boissier on account of the lax inflorescence to Campanula : retained by Bentham in 

 Phyteuma on account of the shape of the corolla. 



P. Thomson!, Clarke ; nearly glabrous, erect, cauline leaves petioled 

 ovate-lanceolate, flowers numerous laxly panicled, corolla segments linear- 

 oblong, ovary 2-celled, stigma 2-lobed. Campanula Thomsoni, Jf.f. fy T. in 

 Journ. Linn* Soc. ii. 25. Symphyandra stylosa, Royle III. 253. 



NORTH-WEST HIMALAYA; alt. 6-8000 ft., Thomson. KASHMIR, Jacquemont, Hen- 

 derson, Aitchieson. 



Root long, woody. Steins -4 ft. Cauline leaves 3 by 1^ in., obscurely crenate ; 

 lower leaves suborbicular, petioled. Panicle with many branches 6-12 in., naked, 

 weak, flowering at the tops ; sometimes reduced to a simple terminal cluster. Pedicels 

 ^-|- in. Calyx-teeth \ in., subulate. Corolla-lobes \-^ by i-| in., blue. Filaments 

 very short, pubescent, connivent ; anthers large, oblong, at first forming a cylinder 

 round the style, but quite free. Fruit unknown. The deeply partite corolla and 

 2-celled ovary refer this plant to Phyteuma, though the lax inflorescence is campanula- 

 like. 



13. CAMPANULA, Linn. 



Perennial or annual herbs, erect or decumbent. Leaves alternate, or the 

 radical subrosulate, from ovate to linear. Flowers peduncled or subsessile, 

 axillary or terminal, panicled spicate or subcapitate, purple or white. Calyx- 

 tube adnate to the ovary, turbinate ; limb deeply 5-lobed, persistent. Corolla 

 campanulate, 5-fid (in C.fulgens 5-partite). Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated 

 at the base ; anthers free. Ovary inferior, 3- (rarely 4-5-) celled ; ovules very 



