Carissa.'] xciv. APOCYNACEJ:. (J. D. Hooker.) 631 



branches ; axils and nodes with 2 simple or forked thorns, sometimes 1-2 in. long-. 

 Leaves subsessile, 1^-3 by l-l in., rather thinly coriaceous, base rounded or retuse, 

 tip rarely mucronate. Cymes terminal, peduncle stout, -1 in. ; bracts minute ; 

 flowers crowded, white or pale rose-coloured, odorous. Calyx-segments subulate-lan- 

 ceolate, acute, puberulous and ciliate. Corolla-tube f in., glabrous or puberulous with 

 swollen throat and lobes pubescent, lobes lanceolate, acute, about half as long as the 

 tube. Ovary-cells 4-ovuled, Drupe ^-1 in. long, ellipsoid, red then black, polished, 

 4- or more-seeded. 



VAR. congesta, Beddome Fl. Sylv. Anal. Gen. 156 ; ovarian cells 2-ovuled. Kurz 

 in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, ii. 250. C. congesta, Wight Ic. t. 1289. Mt. Aboo, Stocks ; 

 Kurg, the Wynaad and Birma. 



2. C. spin a rum, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 332; suberect, shrubby, glabrous 

 or branches cymes and leaves beneath finely puberulous, leaves -! in. elliptic 

 ovate or rounded acute mucronate or apiculate rarely obtuse many or few- 

 nerved shining above, corolla in. long, ovary 4-ovuled, berry in. subglobose. 

 C. diffiisa, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. i. 689, and ed. Watt. $ Carey, ii. 524 ; A. DC. I. c. - y 

 Wight Ic. t. 427 ; Wall. Cat. 1678, partly; Brand, For. Fl. 321 ; Kurz For. Fl. 

 ii. 169 ; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 157. 



Drier parts of IXDIA ; from the Punjab Himalaya, which it ascends to 6000 ft. 

 in Murree, to Ceylon and Birma. 



, Probably a state of C. Carandas as suggested by Brandis, than which it is a 

 smaller plant with shorter and more slender spines, more acute leaves and a smaller 

 berry. 



VAR. hirsuta ; more pubescent. C. hirsuta, Roth Nov. Sp. 128 ; A. DC. Prodr. 

 viii. 333 ; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 169 ; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 143. C. villosa, Roxb. Fl. 

 Ind. ed. Carey $ Wall. ii. 525; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PI. 116. Wight Ic. t. 437. Not 

 uncommon. 



3. C. paucinervia, A. DC. Prodr. viii. 333; suberect, shrubby, gla- 

 brous except the puberulous petioles and cymes, leaves 1-1 in., elliptic-oblong 

 or -lanceolate acute at both ends very coriaceous not shining, nerves 2-3 pairs 

 very oblique, corolla -^ in., berry 5 in. ellipsoid. Wight Ic. t. 1290. C. 

 diffiisa, Wall. Cat. 1678, in part. C. Carandas, var. paucinervia, Beddome Fl. 

 Sylv. Anal. Gen. 156 ; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1877, ii. 250. 



LOWER BENGAL ; Monghir, Hamilton in Herb. Wall. NILGHERRY MTS. ; at tho 

 Kaitia Falls, Wight, &c. ? C. salicina, Lamk. A. DC. I. c. 



A small ruinous shrub, with the habit of C. diffusa, and probably, as Beddome 

 conjectures, a variety of that species, but very distinct in appearance, more densely 

 leafy, the leaves less shining than in its congeners and yellower when dry. Peduncles 

 very short, 3-5-fld. Corolla-lobes very narrow. I suspect a mistake as to the 

 Monghir locality and that Walljch's specimens are mislabclled. 



** Spines decurved, 



4. C. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 1679; shrubby, erect; quite glabrous 



lanceolata, Dalz. in Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 143. C. Dalzellii, Beddome For. 

 Fl. Anal. Gen. 157. C. mitis, Heyne mss. . 



DECCAN PEKINSULA; Kurg, Heyne ; the Concan, at Ramghatj-Dafer^; Courtallum, 

 Roth, Wight. 



A large shrub, thorns very strong, curved, 1- 1 in., and branches dark brown. 

 Leaves shortly petioled. drying dark brown. Flowers as in C. Carandas, but lobes of 

 corolla longer and narrower. Calyx-lobes longer and more slender, almost filiform in 

 the Courtallum specimens, which have smaller leaves. I cannot doubt this being 



