G cxvu. CHENOPODIACEJ3. (J. D. Hooker.) [Spinada. 



Perianth subglobose, 2-4-toothed ; fruiting enclosing the utricle, coriaceous, 

 unarmed or with 2-3 dorsal spines. Stigmas long, filiform, connate below. 

 ( 'tricle hard, compressed, aduate to the perianth. Seed vertical, testa thin, 

 albumen floury; embryo annular. Species 4, Oriental, 2 of them extensively 

 cultivated. 



S. oleracea, Linn. Sp. PL 1027 ; erect, leaves deltoid ovate acuminate 

 acutely broadly pinnatifidly lobed, fruiting perianths free 2-spinous. Moq. 

 in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 118; LamTc. Enwjcl. t. 814 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pi. 

 171 ; Dalz. 4' Gils. Suppl. 23. S. tetrandra, Boxl. FL Ind. iii. 771 ; Wight 

 Jr. t. 818; Wall. Cat. 6949. 



Cultivated throughout INDIA. Native country unknown. 



The . tetrandra of Roxburgh is not the plant of Stevens, as M. de Candolle 

 assumes it to be (" Origine des Plantes Cultivee," 79), but the common S. oleracea, 

 which, as Boissier points out, is distinguished from S. tetrandra by the free fruiting 

 perianths. Nevertheless De Candolle's suggestion that the cultivated S. oleracea is a 

 derivative from the S. tetrandra, Stev., which is indigenous in the Caucasus, is a very 

 reasonable one. /Spinach. 



5. ATRXPX.SX, Linn. 



Herbs or shrubs, usually mealy. Leaves rarely opposite. Flowers monoe- 

 or dioecious. MALE fl. ebracteate. Sepals 3-5, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 

 3-5. FEM. fl. 2-bracteate ; bracts flat, accrescent, dilated in fruit and forming 

 a 2-valved covering to the utricle. Perianth 0. Utricle at the base of the 

 greatly enlarged and hardened bracts ; stigmas 2. Seed erect, or inverse 

 and suspended from the funicle, rarely horizontal, testa various, albumen 

 floury ; embryo annular. Species about 100, all temperate, cool and tropical 

 regions. 



* Flowers polygamous. Seed of the female fl. vertical, of the bisexual 

 horizontal. 



1. A. hortensis, Linn. Sp. PI. 1053; annual, stout, erect, leaves not 

 mealy triangular-cordate upper ovate-lanceolate, spikes axillary and in 

 terminal panicles, fruiting bracts nearly free thin orbicular or elliptic reticu- 

 late obtuse or mucronate. Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2. 91 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. 

 iv. 907; Grali. Cat. Bomb. PL 171; Dalz. $ Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl 73. 

 A. virgata, Roth Nov. Sp. 377 ; Moq. I. c. 97. A. beno-alensis, LamJc. 

 Diet. i. 276. A. heterantha, Wight Ic. t. 1787. 



Cultivated in many parts of BENGAL, the DECCAN, N.W. INDIA and up to 

 12,000 ft. in the WESTEEN HIMALAYA and TIBET. DISTEIB. Cultivated in Europe 

 and N. and W. Asia. 



This, the Arroche, Orache or Mountain Spinach of the French, is of unknown 

 origin, being found only under cultivation or in cultivated ground. A specimen of 

 this from Heyne, in Bottler's Herbarium, bears the name A. virgata, thus identifying: 

 that obscure plant, which Both described from very young individuals. 



* Annuals, with monoscious flowers. 



2. A. crassifolia, C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. Ff. Alt. iv. 309 ; green and 

 hoary, erect or ascending and diffuse, branches white, leaves petioled oblong- 

 or ovate-oblong or hastately ovate obtuse entire or sinuate-toothed upper 

 entire often acute, male clusters in slender leafless interrupted spikes, 

 fruiting bracts rhombic-ovate or orbicular herbaceous entire or toothed with 

 a very thick white convex smooth disk and base. Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 



