538 cxxxvi. URTICACE.E. (J. I). Hooker.) [Antiarls. 



The DECCAN PENINSULA, on the Ghats, from the Concan southwards. IVou 

 to MARTABAN, Kurz. CEYLON ; in the drier parts of the island. DISTEIB. Malay 

 Islands. 



A majestic tree, attaining 250 ft. ; branchlets glahrous, pubescent or pruinose, young 

 villously hirsute. Leaves 4-8 in., glossy, base rounded or cordate ; young lanceolate, 

 serrulate, hirsute; -petiole very short. Male receptacles orbicular and peduiul is 

 velvety, in. diam. Fruit like a small fig, purple, scarlet or crimson, pyriform, 

 velvety, intensely bitter, tipped with a few bracts,. Kurz was the first to unite the 

 western A. saccidora with the eastern toxicaria. The N. Australian A. macrophylla, 

 Br., may be the same, for A. toxicaria is found as far eastward as Timor. According 

 to Dalzell, the leaves on the shoots are very different from the old," being densely 

 hirsute, elliptic-lanceolate, caudate acuminate, and serrulate ; similar but much larger 

 leaves, 6-10 by 2-3 in., occur in Malayan specimens named A. rufa, Miquel, 

 from Batsam and Suembu Pula (Hort. Bogor. No. 7311, 7302). Low sends from 

 Perak as the Ipo (A. toxicaria) a species with oblong acute entire leaves 3-6 by 1- 

 3 in., which are scabrid above and hirsutely tomentose beneath ; and Pierre has the 

 same as A. innoxia, Blunie, from Cochin China. 



19. CUDRANIA, Trccul. 



Shrubs or small trees, usually spinous, erect or scandent. Leaves alter- 

 nate, quite entire, penninerved ; stipules lateral, small. Flowers dioecious 

 in small naked globose heads, bracteolate. MALE FL. Sepals 3-5, oblong, 

 obtuse, adnate to 2-4 bracts, imbricate. Stamens 4, erect, more or less adnate 

 to the sepals. Pistillode subulate or 0. FEM. PL. Sepals broader than in 

 the male, embracing the ovary. Ovary straight ; style terminal, simple or 

 2-partite, arms stout or slender ; ovule pendulous. Achenes enclosed in the 

 enlarged fleshy bracts and perianth forming a globose fleshy head, ovoid, 

 compressed, crustaceous. Testa membranous, albumen scanty ; cotyledons 

 twisted and folded, equal or unequal, embracing the slender upcurved 

 radicle. Species 3 or 4 ? Asiatic, Australian and ISTew Caledonian. 



Habit and foliage of Plecospermum. 



1. C. javanensis, Trecul in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iii. viii. (1847) 123; 

 branchlets pubescent, spines straight or recurved, leaves 1-3 in. oblong or 

 obovate to oblanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate glabrous, nerves slender 

 8-10 pairs, style 2-fid short. Brand. For. Fl. 425; Benth. Fl. Austral, vi. 

 179. C. amboinensis, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 434. Cudranus R>nraphu,-T/iwaites 

 Enum. 262 ; Bedd. For. Man. 220,_ t. 27, f. 1. C. amboinensis, Miq. FL 

 Ind. Bat. i. ii. 290. Maclura amboinensis, javanica & timorensis, Blume 

 Mus. Bot. ii. 83, 84, t. 31. M. javanica, Miq. I. c. 280. Trophis spinosa, 

 Blume Bijd. 489 ; WiUd. Sp. Pi. iv. 734 (in part}. Plecospermum cnnei- 

 folium, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. (1854) 303 ; Wall. Cat. 4641 B, D. 

 Batis fruticosa, JRorb. ? Wall. Cat. 4643 B. Morus Cudranus, Herb. 

 Ham. Cudranus, Rumph. Amb. v. 22, t. 15, 16. 



TROPICAL HIMALAYA, from Garwhal eastwards to the KHASIA HILLS. BURMA, 

 CHITTAGONG, PEBAK and MALACCA. CEYLON, common in the drier parts of the 

 island. DISTEIB. E. Africa, Malay Islands, Australia. 



A straggling or subscandeut shrub, or small tree with drooping branchlets. Leaves 

 reticulate, base obtuse; petiole \ in. or less. Slower-heads solitary or binate, shortly 

 peduncled, pubescent; males in. diam. ; fern, smaller at first, f in. diam. in fruit. 

 Sepals of male 3-5, cuneate, unequal, hairy. Fern. Jl. more or less incurved ; sepals 

 4, tips thickened, velvety. Fruit 2-3 in. diam., glaucous green, velvety. Wight's 

 ivenensis (Ic. t. 1960), founded on the Morus sc(in<lcnx, Hort. Calc. from China, 

 (liiiers in the obovoid or subclavate fein. heads and very long style-anus. 



