C20 CXL. CUPULIFER.E. (J. D. Hooker.) \_Castanopsis. 



*t" Leave* beneath pubescent or minutely tomentose. See also C. 

 catalpaefolia. 



1. C. indica, A. DC. in Seem.Journ. Sot. i. (1863) 182 ; Prodr. xvi. ii. 

 109 ; branches and inflorescence rufous-tomentose or -villous, leaves short- 

 petioled oblong or obovate- oblong sinuate-toothed or -serrate finely pubes- 

 cent beneath, nerves 15-20 pairs very strong beneath, spines of involucre 

 close-set -^ in. long. Miq. Aim. Mus. i. 119; Brand. For. Fl. ii. 4>90. 

 Castanea indica, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 643 ; Illume Mus. Sot. i. 284 ; Wight 

 Ic. t. 417 ; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 478 ; Wall. Cat. 2761. Quercus serrata, Eoxb. 

 Fl. Ind. iii. 641 (not of Willd.}. Q. dubia, Lindl. in Wall Cat. 2786. 



TEOPICAL HIMALAYA, from Nepal eastwards, alt. 1-4000 ft. ASSAM, the 

 KHASIA MTS. and SILHET, alt. 4000 ft. CHITTAG-ONG-, J. D. H. fy T. T., &c. 



A small or large tree. Leaves 5-8 in., rusty-red when dry, thinly coriaceous, 

 opaque and glabrous above obtuse acute cuspidate or acuminate, base rounded acute 

 or narrowed into the petiole, serratures subspinular ; nerves straight ascending, cross- 

 nervules fine parallel ; petiole ^-J in. Male spikes densely tomentose. Involucres 

 subspherical, 1-li in. diam. 



2. C. Hystrix, A. DC. in Seem.Journ. Sot. i. (1863) 182; Prodr. xvi. ii. 

 Ill ; branches glabrous or nearly so, leaves petioled lanceolate acuminate 

 entire or obtusely serrate above the middle appressed tomentose pubes- 

 cent or puberulous beneath, nerves 10-12 pairs, spines of involucre dense 

 5^ in. long. Miguel Ann. Mus. i. 119. Q. rufescens, Herb. Ind. Or. 

 H.f. df T. 



EASTERN HIMALAYA ; Sikkim, alt. 4-r8000 ft., J. D. H., &c. KHASIA MTS., alt. 

 2-4000 ft., G-riffitli, &c. ? PEEAK, alt. 4-5000 ft., King's Collector. 



A large or small tree. Leaves 3-4, rarely 7 in.,' very coriaceous, sometimes 

 oblong-lanceolate and caudate, very variable as to pubescence beneath, base rounded 

 or acute ; nerves very oblique strong though sometimes obscured by thick red-brown 

 tooientum ; petiole \-% in. Involucres 1 in. diam., or less, walls very thick ; spines 

 simple or compound, pubescent. Nuts 23, silky, free. 



3. C. diversifolia, King mss. ; branches tomentose, leaves (young 

 very large) short-petioled broadly oblong or ovate-oblong quite entire, nerves 

 12-15 pairs very strong beneath arched tomentose on both surfaces, cross- 

 nervules very strong, involucre large, spines close-set. Castanea diversi- 

 folia, Kurz in Journ. Seng. As. Soc. xliv. ii. 198 ; For. Fl. ii. 479. 



PEGU and MAETABAN, in hill forests, Kurz ; alt. 3500-6000 ft., Srandis. 



A tree, 40-60 ft. Leaves, young 7-9 by 4-4^ in., on the old branches 4^-6 in., more 

 elliptic ; petiole i-f in., stout, pubescent. I have seen specimens of only the large-leaved 

 state, which according to Kurz is the young, and no fruit or flower ; the leaves are 

 pale when dry with deeply sunk nerves above highly raised beneath, base rounded or 

 subcordate. King describes the involucre as indistinctly ribbed and the spines as 

 nearly ^ in. long, and the species as differing from all others in the diverse forms 

 of the leaf. 



4. C. javanica, A. DC. in Seem. Journ. Sot. i. (1863) 182 ; Prodr. xvi. 

 ii. Ill ; branches glabrous or nearly so, leaves petioled oblong to ovate- 

 oblong or oblong-lanceolate entire subacute or cuspidate rufous subpubes- 

 cent beneath, nerves 9-12 pairs very strong beneath arched or nearly 

 straight, involucres very large, spines in dense clusters, walls very 

 thick and woody. Miguel Ann. Mus. i. 120. C. costata, A. DC. I. c. 110; 

 Miguel I. c. ; var. bancana, Schejf. Obs. Phyt. ii. 50. C. trisperma, Schejf. 

 1. c. Castanea javanica, Slume Bijd. 525; Fl. Jav. Cupulif. 44, t. 23; 



