622 CXL. CUPULIFER^E. (J. D. Hooker.) [Castanopsis. 



PERAZ, King's Collector. 



A large tree, 60-80 ft. Leaves 18-20 in., very coriaceous, midrib and slender 

 nerves raised above, under surface pale reddish brown with a very stout midrib long 

 arched nerves and rather distant slender cross-nervules, base sometimes much nar- 

 rowed into the very stout \ in. petiole. Involucre 1-2 in. diam. ; spines in Ion"- 

 Nuts 1-2, silky, 1 in. long. 



** Walls of involucre with tufts or ridges of spines that do not conceal 

 its walls. 



8. C. argryrophylla. King mss. ; leaves elliptic or oblong to lanceo- 

 late acute entire glabrous more or less glaucous beneath, nerves 10-12 

 pairs rather slender, involucre ovoid thin-walled glabrous densely clothed 

 with subulate hooked radiating spines. 



PEGTT ; at Rangoon, N'LeUand, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1457/2). AEEAKAN, 

 Hildebrand. ? TEKASSEEIM, Heifer (Kew Distrib. 4446). 



Leaves 4-6 in., thinly coriaceous ; petiole |-1^ in. Involucre 1 in. long, brittle, 

 spines in. Nuts 1-3, rusty tomentose. I have seen no fruit, which Dr. King 

 informs me is very characteristic, being large and glabrous, as are the spines. 

 Under L. argentea I have stated my difficulty in distinguishing leafing specimens of 

 this and that plant. 



9. C. armata, Spacli Hist. Veg. Plian. xi. 185; glabrous, leaves small 

 lanceolate or oblong- or ovate-lanceolate acuminate shining above often 

 subsilvery beneath, nerves 6-8 pairs arched slender raised on both surfaces, 

 involucres large globose tomentose loosely covered with stout shortly 

 substellately branched spines. Miquel Ann. Mus. i. 119. C. argentea, 

 var. martabanica, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 112. Quercus armata, Roxb. 

 Cor. PI. iii. 92, t. 296; Fl. Ind. iii. 640; Wight Jc. t. 770. Castanea 

 tribuloides, var. armata, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 480. C. Falconeri, Hance in 

 Journ. Sot. 1875, 367. C. sphaerocarpa, Lindl in Wall. Cat. 3736, and in 

 Plant. As. Ear. ii. 5. 



ASSAM and the KHASIA HILLS, TIPPEEA, CHITTAGONG and BFEMA, alt. 

 2-3000 ft. 



A small or large tree. Leaves 3-6 in., pale when dry, coriaceous, quite glabrous, 

 reticulate beneath ; petiole ^ |- in., rather slender. Involucres l-l-- in. diam. ; tufts 

 of spines often in zones, ^-] in. long, branching from a very stout conical base. 

 Nuts usually solitary. 



10. C. tribuloides, A. DC. in Seem. Journ. Bot. i. (1863) 182; Prodr. 



xvi. ii. Ill (excl. C. armata}; branchlets glabrous or pubescent, leaves petioled 

 from lanceolate to oblong acuminate or caudate glabrous or hoary beneath 

 or silvery rarely pubescent entire or coarsely serrate above the middle, 

 nerves 6-10 pairs arched slender raised beneath, nervules finely reticulate, 

 involucres small globose finely tomentose covered with long slender or 

 short substellate spines or tubercles in sessile subsessile or stipitate 

 clusters. 



Tropical, subtropical and lower temperate HIMALAYA, and all the hill ranges of 

 TRAXSGANGETIC IXDIA to BUEMA. 



An exceedingly variable tree (40-60 ft.), or possibly more than one speeies are included 

 here, to determine which a study of the flowers of both sexes on the living plants is 

 necessary. The involucres are largest and spines longest in var. longispina ; they 

 are smaller with shorter spines in tribuloides, fer ox and echidnocarpa successively. 



0. TRIBULOIDES PROPER ; leaves usually small lanceolate 4-6 in. rarely 

 serrate, spines close-set slender in. often curved, nuts usually solitary. 



