Populus.] OXLI. SALICINE.E. (J. D. Hooker.) 639 



orbicular sinuately lobed or toothed, palmately on young shoots, base 

 o-nerved more or less cordate, stigmas 2, 2-partite, arms linear, capsule 

 pedicelled 2-valved. Srandis For. FL 473 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iv. 1193 ; 

 ReiM. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 614. 



N.W. HIMALAYA, alt. 4-1 0,000 ft, from Kunawur westwards, wild and cultivated, 

 and in WESTERN TIBET. DISTEIB. Western Siberia, Syria, Asia Minor, Europe, and 

 N. Africa. 



A lofty tree in Europe, in India not exceeding 40 ft. (Brandis). Leaves 2-1 in., 

 dull green above ; petiole 12 in., laterally compressed. Catkins hairy ; male 

 2-\> in.; stamens 6-10; fern, shorter ; bracts lanceolate, tips crenate, ciliate; disk 

 shallow, entire. Capsule % in., shortly pedicelled. 



5. P. microcarpa, Hook. f. Sc Thorns^ Herb. Ind. Or. 4495 ; leaf- 

 buds and shoots glabrous, leaves long-petioled orbicular sinuate base 

 3-nerved rounded or subcordate, capsules minute subsessile. 



BHOTAN ; about Panga and towards Chupeh, alt. 7600 ft., Griffith. 



Leaves 3-4 in. diain., wben dry black above and grey beneath; nerves 4-5 pairs 

 above the basal ; petiole 1-2 1 in., very slender, laterally compressed. Fruiting spikes 

 3-5 in., very slender, rachis tomentose. Capsules f in., broadly ovoid hoary, pedicel 

 very short. 



ORDER CXLII. CERATOFHYLLEJE. 



Submerged monoecious slender fragile branched herbs. Leaves whorled, 

 dichotomously cleft into filiform toothletted lobes; stipules 0. Flowers 

 minute, axillary, sessile. MALE EL. solitary; perianth (or involucre) of 

 6-12 narrow subvalvate 2-fid segments; stamens 20-30, filaments very 

 short; anthers erect, extrorse, connective at the top truncate or 2-toothed. 

 FEM. FL. Perinntli of the male. Ovary sessile, ovoid, 1-celled; style 

 subulate, stigmatic on one side ; ovule solitary, pendulous, orthotropous. 

 Fruit a small coriaceous ovoid or ellipsoid somewhat compressed nut 

 terminating in an elongate subulate style, and with a styliform spur 

 projecting from above the base on either side. Seed exalbuminous ; embryo 

 straight, cotyledons thick, radicle very short inferior, plumule many-leaved. 

 Species one, very variable. 



CERATOPHYLIiUltt, Linn. 

 CHARACTERS OP THE ORDER. 



C. demersum, Linn. Sp. PL 992 ; Gartn. Fruct. t. 44; Boiss. Fl. 

 Orient, iv. 1202. C. verticillatum, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 624; Wight # Am. 

 Prodr. 309. 



Throughout INDIA and CEYLON, in tanks and still waters. DISTRIB. All temp, 

 and tropical countries. 



Stem 8 in. to 3 ft., densely leafy, green. Leaves about 1 in. long, 8P"-'n.>n1>; 

 spreading in the water, collapsing in a tassel when removed, variable in thickness 

 and amount of toothing. Segments of perianth (or involucre) subulate. Fruit very 

 variable. I have failed in establishing species amongst the dried specimens of the 

 Indian forms of Ceratophyllum, but there are differences in those figured by Wight, 

 that require to be verified by living specimens, and especially the simple and bifid 

 segments of the pemnth, and the truncate and bicuspidiite connectives of the anthers. 

 I find very great variety in the fruits upon which species have generally been 

 founded, but in no Indian specimen have I seen the short lateral spines which are 

 characteristic of the European species or variety submersum. The following are the 

 principal Indian forms of fruit. 



C. TUBERCULATUM, Chamiss. in Linnaa iv. 504, t. 5, f. 6 d ; fruit ellipsoid 

 VOL. V. T t 



