640 CXLII. CERATOPHYLLEJ5. (J. D. Hooker.) \_Ceratophyllum. 



nearly smooth or tubercled, sides rounded, lateral spines deflexed, anthers 2-cuspMate. 

 Wiyht $ Am. Prodr. 309 ; Wight Ic. t. 1948, t. 3 ; Miguel FL Ind. Bat. \. \. 800. 

 C. indicum, Herb. Willd. C. demersum, Klein mss. Chamisso's C. oxyacanthum, 

 f. 6 b, is the smooth -fruited state of this. 



C. MURICATUM, Cham. I.e. f. 6 c ; fruit ellipsoid or ovoid more compressed 

 winged wing toothed, surface tubercled, lateral spines horizontal or dcfiYxed, anther 

 (in Wight's figure) truncate. Wight Ic. t. 1948, f. 1, 2. In Wight's fig. 1 the leaf 

 segments are entire, in f. 2 they are denticulate, and the perianth segments of the 

 male fl. are entire. C. platyacanthum, Cham. I. c. f. 6 -a, seems to be this. 



C. MISSIONIS, Wall. Cat. 7007; fruit ell'psoid compressed tubercled narrowly 

 winged and wings toothed, lateral spines decurved, connective bicuspidate. Wight 

 Ic. t. 1948, f. 4. 



CLASS, GYMNO SPERMS. 

 ORDER -CXLIII. GNETACEJE. 



Trees or shrubs ; branches jointed at the nodes. Leaves opposite, 

 large and green or minute scale-like, exstipulate. Flowers in axillary or 

 terminal spikes or cones, monoecious or dioecious. MALE FL. tubular or of 

 2-4 sepals. Antliers 2-8, subglobose, 1-3-celled, sessile or subsessile on the 

 top of a column formed of the connate filaments. FEM. FL. Ovule erect 

 with 2 or 3 coats of which one is produced into a styliform tube with a 

 discoid month. Seed dry or drupaceous, albumen copious or scanty ; 

 embryo straight, cotyledons appressed, radicle long superior. Genera 3, 

 species about 40, temperate and tropical. 



Shrubs, leafless or nearly so 1. EPHEDRA. 



Trees or shrubs with large green leaves 2. GNETTJM. 



1. EPHEDRA, Linn. 



Erect or subscandent rigid shrubs, branches opposite or fascicled, terete, 

 striate, with opposite scales at the nodes which are rarely produced into 

 linear leaves. Flowers in the axils of the decussately opposite bracts of 

 solitary or fascicled cones ; bracts dry or fleshy in fruit, lower empty, upper 

 1-fld. MALE FL. ; perianth of 2 opposite compressed membranous sepals ; 

 anthers 2-10, sessile or stipitate on the top* of a column formed by the 

 connate filaments, cells 2 globose. FEM. FL., a naked ovule with the outer 

 coat produced into a styliform tube. Seeds usually oblong, plano-convex, 

 testa dry. Species 8 or 10, Europe, Temp. Asia, S. America. 



It is impossible to define the limits of the West Asiatic species of Ephedra with- 

 out careful observations on the living plants; young and old specimens of the same 

 species appear to differ very considerably, as do individuals from localities differing 

 in altitude and humidity. Dr. Aitchison's and Griffith's copious suites of specimens 

 from .Afghanistan and Beluchistan are very puzzling, and the forms (of vulgar is?) 

 from the dry region of Tibet are no less so. I have many specimens from N.W. 

 India that I do not know whether to refer to vulgaris or pachyclada. 



1. E. vulg*aris, Rich. Conif. 26 (excl. Jigs, a, D, E, F) ; branches 

 rather slender erect striate nearly smooth, bracts connate to the middle 

 not margined eciliate, anthers 6-10 sessile or subsessile. Parlat. in DC. 

 Prodr. xvi. ii. 355 ; Brand. For. Fl. 501. E. distachya, Linn. Boiss. Fl. 

 Orient, v. 713. E. monostachya & distachya, Linn. Sp. PI. 1040; RciM. 

 Ic,. Fl. Germ. t. 539. E. Gerardiana, Wall. Cat. 6048; Eoyle III. 348; 

 Parlat. in DC. 1. c. 359. E. macrocephala, Bcrtolon. Miscell. xxiii. 17, t. 3. 



