644 CXLIV. CONIFERS. (J. D. Hooker.) 



branous sheaths. Flowers monoecious or dioecious ; males in deciduous 

 catkins, females solitary or in cones. Perianth 0. Male fl. of many 1- or 

 more-celled anthers, seated on the scales of the catkin, sessile or filaments 

 connate. Fem.fl. of one or more sessile naked orthotropous or anatropous 

 ovules, seated on a scale (an open carpellary leaf), which is free, or adiiate 

 to the scale (bract) of a cone. Seeds often winged, testa thick or thin, 

 albumen densely fleshy ; embryo axile, straight, cotyledons 2 or more, 

 radicle terete often attached to a crumpled thread (suspensor). DISTRIB. 

 Genera 33, species about 300, chiefly in cold regions, very rare in Trop. 

 Africa and America ; absent in the Western Peninsula and Plains of India 

 and in Ceylon. 



Thuja orientalis, L. (Wall. Cat. 6047) is commonly cultivated in India. 



It is unnecessary in this Order to cite under each species all the (chiefly) horti- 

 cultural works in which the Indian Conifers are enumerated or described, and which 

 add nothing to what is known of them beyond what the cited authorities give. 



A. Ovules erect. 



Tribe I. Cupressineee. Scales of the fem. cone opposite, in several 

 series. Ovules usually 2 or more on each scale. Leaves very short or 

 subulate. 



Scales of cone woody; testa winged 1. CUPRESSTTS. 



Scales of cone cohering into a globose berry-like fruit, enclos- 

 ing the seeds ; testa hard, not winged 2. JUNIPEEUS. 



Tribe II. Taxodieao. Scales of fem. cone spirally crowded. Ovules 

 2 or more on each scale. Leaves scattered or distichous. 

 Leaves linear, distichous ; seed large, drupe-like 3. CEPHALOTAXUS. 



Tribe III. Taxeae. Scales of fem. cone or spike few, imbricate, all or 

 the upper only ovuliferous. Ovule solitary on each scale, erect. Leaves 

 scattered or bifarious. 



Fem. cone minute, 1-fld. ; seed sealed in a symmetric fleshy 



cup ; anthers connate in a whorl 4. TAXTTS. 



Fem. spike 1-6-fld. ; seed seated in a very oblique fleshy pe- 

 duncle; anthers free . 5. DACEYDIUM. 



B. Ovules reversed. 



Tribe IV. Podocarpeae. Scales of fem. cone very few, spirally 

 crowded, often fleshy. Ovule 1 under each scale. 

 Seed on a fleshy stipes 6. PODOCABPUS. 



Tribe V. Araucarieae. Scales of fem. cone many, spirally arranged 

 in several series, bract and ovuliferous scale confluent as one scale. 

 Anther-cells 5 or more ; ovules 1, rarely 2 ; seeds winged . . 7. AGATHIS. 



Tribe VI. Abietineae. Scales of fem. cone many, spirally arranged 

 in several series ; scale distinct from the bract beneath it. 

 Leaves persistent, in bundles of 2, 3, or 5, narrowly linear; scales 



of cone persistent 8. PINUS. 



Leaves persistent, in bundles of many, acicular ; scales of erect 



cone deciduous 9. CEDKTTS. 



Leaves scattered, not distichous, usually suUilate, jointed on 



the branches ; scales of reflexed cones persistent . . .10. PICEA. 



