490 CLXV. TYPHACE^;. (J. D. Hooker.) [Spargattium. 



Perianth of 3-6 membranous scales. Stamens 2-3, connective hardly pro- 

 duced at the tip. Ovary 1- rarely 2-celled ; style very short, persistent, 

 stigma unilateral ; cells 1-seeded. Drupes obovoid, spongy ; endocarp 

 bony, tip perforated. Seed adherent to the endocarp. Species about 6. 



1. S. ramosum, Huds. Fl. Angl. 401 ; erect,' leafy, leaves linear 

 triquetrous at the base, heads sessile on the branches of a panicle, drupes 

 sessile shortly beaked. Kunth Enum. iii. 89 ; Boiss. FL Orient, v. 48. S. 

 erectum, ]urz in Journ. Sot. v. (1867) 96. S. stoloniferum, Sam. in Wall. 

 Cat. 4990. S. carinatum, Ham. ex Royle III. 408. 



NORTH WEST INDIA ; from the plains to 5200 ft. in Kashmir. BUEMA, Griffith. 

 DISTRIB. N. temp, regions. 



Stems 1-4 ft. Leaves 2-5 ft., 1 in. broad or less ; margins concave. Mole 

 heads olive-brown, -g-f in. diam., deciduous; fern. 1 in. diarn. in frt. j scales linear, 

 tips spathulate. Drupe % in. long, angled ; stigma linear. 



2. S. simplex, Huds. Fl. Angl. 401 ; erect, leafy, leaves linear tri- 

 quetrous x at the base rarely floating, fern, heads racemose, male spicate, 

 drupe shortly stipitate long-beaked. Kunth Enum. iii. 89 ; Boiss. Fl. 

 Orient, v. 48. S. erectum, var. /3 Linn. Sp. PL 971 ; Kurz in Journ. Sot. v. 

 (1867) 96. 



SIKKIM HIMALAYA, alt. 7-9000 ft., J.D.H. KHASIA HILLS, alt. 5-6000 ft., 

 Griffith, &c. BUEMA, Griffith. DISTEIB. N. temp, regions. 



Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves narrower than in 8. ramosum, margins flat. Male heads 

 yellow. Scales linear-oblong, tips toothed. Drupes fusiform, simple linear. 



ORDER CLXVI. AROIBEIE. 



Perennial herbs with radical leaves, or scandent shrubs. Leaves 

 alternate. 'Flowers 1-2-sexual, sessile on a spadix which is more or less 

 enclosed in a green or coloured spathe ; if unisexual the males usually 

 towards the apex and fern, at the base of the spadix, with often neuters 

 between them and above the males ; perianth or of scales. Anthers 2-4- 

 celled, dehiscence dorsal or by pores; pollen various. Ovary sessile, 

 1-3-celled, style short or long, stigma discoid or lobed; ovules 1 or 

 more, variously inserted. Fruit baccate. Seeds 1 or few, rarely many, 

 often imbedded in pulp; testa various ; albumen or copious; embryo 

 axile, or in exalbuminous genera, thick with the plumule in a lateral 

 slit. Genera about 100, species about 1000, for the most part tropical. 



I am indebted to the studies of Mr. N. E. Brown for valuable notes on many of 

 the Indian species entered in the Kew Herbarium, and for aid in the preparation of 

 the following descriptions : 



SERIES A. Flowers monoecious (rarely dioecious in Arissema). 

 Perianth 0. 



Tribe I. ARINE.E. Spadix with a flowerless top (appendage) or in 

 Pistia and Gryptocoryne. Stamens free; anther-cells larger than their con- 

 nective, Fem.fl. Staminodes 0. Ovary 1-celled, ovules orthotropous. 

 Submerged or marsh herbs. Ovaries in one whorl ^ . 1. CRYPTOCORYNE. 

 Marsh herbs. Ovaries spirally disposed ....'. 2. LAGENANDRA. 



Floating stemless herb ' . . . . 3. PISTIA. 



Terrestrial tuberous herbs : 



Leaves compound ; ovules basal 4. AEIS.EUA. 



Leaves pedatipartite, appearing after the flowering; 

 ovules basal ............ 5. SAUEOMATUM. 



