LLAMAS, ETC. 281 



on mountains, but frequently pasture in the plains; 

 and when the females do this, the males watch from 

 a more elevated position, and if they see men ap- 

 proaching, neigh something like a horse to warn them 

 of danger, then descend into the valley, and drive their 

 charge before them. 



Besides these two, are the Vicunas (spelt also 

 Yicunhas and Vicugnas), who are of a tawny red 

 colour, and live in the bleak cold parts of mountains, 

 preferring frost and snow. They are remarkably swift 

 and timid, and their wool is very fine and silky. 



To these must be added the Paco or Alpaca and 

 the Taruga, who are larger and even swifter than the 

 vicuiias, and wander about singly among steep and 

 rocky places. M. Frederic Cuvier thinks there are 

 but three species : the guanaco, which in a domestic 

 state is the llama ; the paco or alpaca ; and the 

 vicuna. I am desirous of dwelling thus much on 

 these divisions, because the readers of South American 

 travels are often much puzzled by the manner in which 

 they are mentioned. 



The guanacos, when they have plenty of rushy grass 

 on which they love to feed, never require any drink ; 

 but they have no cells in their stomachs for the 

 secretion of water. They are particularly active in 

 throwing out their saliva at the least offence. They 

 give very severe blows with their fore-feet; and I 

 have often, with the above gentleman, watched them 

 fight with a fury which was at first laughable, tearing 

 large mouthfuls of hair from each other, and at last 

 obliged to be separated from the injuries they were 

 likely to give and receive. 



The great enemy of these animals is the puma, and 



