1 88 FLOWERS OF THE ROADSIDES AND HEDGES 



The plant is galled besides by Cecidomyia corrugans and C. heraclei. 

 It is a food-plant or resort for the beetles Agapanthina lineato-collis, 

 Bruchus pcctinicornis, Plucdon tnmidulus, the Lepidoptera Dasypolia 

 templi, Enpithccia tripunctaria, Eucelis aurora, Depressaria depressella, 

 D. hcraclcana, and the fly Acidia heraclei. 



Heracleum, Pliny, is from the hero Hercules (Greek form, Heracles). 

 Sphondylium t Dioscorides, is from sphondylos, a vertebra, because of the 

 jointed stem. 



This plant is known by such names as Bear's Breech, Bear-skeiters, 

 Beggar-weed, Bilders, Billers, Broad Kelk, Bunnel, Bunnets, Bunnun, 

 Bunwand, Caddell, Cadweed, Camlicks, Clog-weed, Cow-cakes, Cow- 

 clog-weed, Cow-keeks, Cow-keep, Cow-mumble, Cow-parsnip, Cushia, 

 Dryland Scout, Ellrot, Ha-ho Keck, Hogweed, Kedlock, Kex, Kejlus, 

 Kelkkecksy, Kesh, Dry Kesh, Kewsies, Limper-scrimp, Limper- 

 scrump, Madnep, Meadow Parsnep, Old Rot, Pig's Bubbles, Pig's 

 Cole, Pig's Parsnip, Pigweed, Piskies, Rabbit Meat, Sweet Biller, 

 Swine Weed. 



In connection with the name Cow Parsnip there is a story: "An 

 old woman in the parish (St. Fergus) gives her cows a cree full of this 

 plant in the season for supper, and she says that the milk-pail next 

 morning bears testimony to its virtues". Other names blended with 

 "Cow" have reference to its use as fodder for them, &c. In regard 

 to Hogweed, Coles says "hogs feed upon it with a great deal of 

 greediness". 



In Kamchatka the dry stalks are collected and stored, and yield 

 a sugar-like substance, like liquorice, which is eaten. A spirit is also 

 prepared from the stalks fermented with bilberries in Prussia. In 

 Poland and Lithuania ale is made from the leaves and seeds. Forty 

 pounds of the stalk yield i Ib. of sugar. The young shoots are eaten 

 as asparagus. 



ESSENTIAL SPECIFIC CHARACTERS: 



131. Heracleum Sphondylium, L. Stem tall, stout, furrowed, hairy, 

 leaves large, pinnate, rough, leaflets pinnatifid, flowers white, large, at 

 first pink, in a flat umbel, outer irregular, fruit glabrous. 



Hedge Parsley (Caucalis Anthriscus, Huds.) 



Found along every hedgerow, this common member of the Um- 

 belliferai is known from its present distribution (entirely) to be limited 

 to the North Temperate Zone, where it is found in Europe, North 

 Africa, West Asia, as far east as N.W. India. It is found in every 



