io8 



FLOWERS OF THE HEATHS AND MOORS 



smooth and swollen in front, concealing the honey, and hairy above, 

 and so protecting it. The corolla tube is 4-6 mm., and enlarged below. 

 Short-lipped insects can get at the honey by thrusting their heads into 

 the wider part. The upper lip is a vaulted roof which shelters the 

 honey and pollen from the rain, and an insect's proboscis cannot be 

 thrust in above the 4 stamens (with 8 anthers). The lower lip is 3- 

 lobed, and small insects alight on it, while larger ones place their fore- 

 legs on it. There is an orange spot or honey-guide on the inner lip 

 and at the entrance, and the violet lines converging to the centre also 



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Photo. J. H. Crabtrce 



EVEBRIGHT (Euphrasiu nemorosa, H. Mart.) 



serve the same purpose. The lengthening of the corolla brings the 

 stigma and anthers closer. The anthers are behind at first in some 

 flowers. The anthers meet together, the 2 lower chambers of each 

 upper or outer pair uniting with the upper of the inner or lower stamens 

 on the same side. The lower surface of the anther is produced into 

 a sharp point, which the bee touches with its proboscis as it passes 

 down the tube, and it serves as a lever, shaking the pollen from the 

 anthers upon the insect. It is visited by Honey-bees, Bovibns, Nomada\ 

 Diptera, Systaechus, Syrphus, Melithreptus. This large-flowered form 

 is proterandrous and cross-pollinated. There are forms in which the 

 stigma matures first. The smaller-flowered plants are self-pollinated. 



The lower chambers of the upper anthers, which are outer, unite 

 firmly with the inner and lower anthers. There is a stiff-pointed 

 process on the lower surface. The lower points exceed the upper, 



