ANGIOSPERM^ 



203 



posterior; petals 4-5, equal, perigynous; stamens 

 indefinite, perigynous; styles distinct, often lateral ; 

 carpels 1-4, or many, usually apocarpous; ovules 

 1-2 in each; fruit an achene, drupe, pome, &c. ; 

 seeds mainly without albumen. 



Order 27. Saxifragaceae. Herbaceous plants, 

 or shrubs (deciduous); no stipules; flowers regular, 

 epig-ynous or perigynous; sepals 4-5; petals 4-5 

 or none; stamens 5 or 10, free, perigynous or hypo- 

 gynous; styles 2, free, diverging, persistent; ovary 

 superior or inferior; i-locular, with placentae 2, 

 parietal, or 2-locular with axile 'placentae; fruit a 

 capsule, or berry; seeds many, with fleshy albumen. 



Order 28. Crassulaceae. Herbaceous plants; 

 stem fleshy; leaves fleshy, tufted; no stipules; 

 flowers regular, slightly perigynous; sepals 4-12, 

 united below; petals 4-12, sometimes united, in- 

 serted at base of calyx; stamens 8-24, sometimes 

 epipetalous ; carpels 5, opposite the petals, free 

 as a rule, i -celled; fruit aggregate, follicle; seeds 

 with some albumen. 



Order 29. Droseraceae. Herbaceous rosette- 

 plants; leaves insectivorous, glandular, with 

 circulate vernation; flowers regular; sepals 5, 

 overlapping; petals 5; stamens 5, hypogynous 

 or perigynous, free; styles 3 or 5; ovary free, 

 syncarpous, 3-5 carpellary, i-locular; ovules many 

 on 2-5 parietal placentae; fruit a capsule, 2-5- 

 valved with seeds on margin of valves; seeds 

 without an aril. 



Order 30. Haloragaceae. Aquatic plants, her- 

 baceous ; no stipules ; flowers unisexual, apetal- 

 ous; calyx adnate to ovary, limb minute; sepals 

 2-4 or none; stamens 8, 4, 2, or i; styles equal 

 to, or half as many as, cells; ovary inferior, i-car- 

 pellary, or syncarpous and 4-locular; ovule i in 

 each loculus; fruit dry, crowned with rim of calyx; 

 seeds pendulous, with fleshy albumen. 



Order 31. Lythraceae. Herbaceous plants; no 

 stipules ; flowers regular ; calyx tubular ; sepals 

 4-6, valvate in bud; petals 4-6, between sepals, 

 twisted in bud, falling; stamens 8-12, on tube of 

 calyx, below petals; style i; ovary superior, syn- 

 carpous, free, 2-celled ; fruit a membranous cap- 

 sule, 2-valved, i -celled; seeds many. 



Order 32. Epilobiaceae v%l Onagraceae. Her- 

 baceous plants; leaves alternate or opposite, not 

 dotted; no stipules; flowers regular, epigynous; 

 calyx tubular; sepals 2-4, valvate in bud; petals 

 2-4, twisted in bud, at top of tube; stamens 2-4, 

 or 8, inserted with petals; style i; stigma capitate; 

 ovary inferior, syncarpous, 4-locular; placentae 

 axile; fruit a capsule, many-seeded. 



Order 33. Cucurbitaceae. Herbaceous succulent 

 tendril-climber; plant monoecious or dioecious; no 

 stipules; calyx 5-partite, tube attached to ovary; 

 corolla 5-partite, bell-shaped, with netted veins; 

 stamens 3, cohering ; anthers wavy ; style short ; 

 stigmas lobed; ovary 3-5-celled; placentae parie- 

 tal; fruit a berry; seeds flat, in an aril. 



Order 34. Umbelliferae. Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves much divided, sheathed below; flowers 

 regular, as a rule in a compound umbel; calyx 

 5-partite, teeth very small, or absent, adhering 

 to the ovary; petals 5, turned inwards; stamens 



5, inserted with petals; styles 2, disk fleshy; ovary 

 2-celled ; fruit a schizocarp, of 2 mericarps, adher- 

 ing by the commissure ; seeds solitary, pendulous. 



Order 35. Araliaceae vtt Hederaceae. Shrub, 

 evergreen, root-climber; leaves alternate; stipules 

 none; flowers regular, in simple umbels; sepals 5, 

 adnate to ovary; petals 5, or wanting, valvate in 

 bud; stamens 5, alternate with petals, inserted 

 below disk (epigynous); styles 5; ovary inferior, 

 5-locular; fruit a drupe, with 5 stones, succulent 

 or dry; seeds solitary, pendulous. 



Order 36. Cornaceae. Herbaceous plants, or 

 shrubs ; leaves opposite ; stipules none ; flowers 

 regular; sepals 4-5, adnate to ovary; petals 4-5 

 inserted on top of calyx-tube, valvate in bud; 

 stamens 4; style slender; ovary 2-celled; fruit a 

 drupe, with 2 stones, crowned with remains of 

 calyx; seed solitary. 



SUB-CLASS II. GAMOPETAL.E 



(= COROLLIFLOIUe). 



Perianth, of calyx and corolla, petals united, 

 stamens epipetalous. 



Order 37. Caprifoliaceae. Shrubs (deciduous), 

 twiners, or herbaceous plants; leaves opposite; 

 stipules in some cases ; flowers regular or irregular; 

 calyx 4-5-fid, adnate to ovary; corolla 4~5-fid, 

 lobes twisted in bud ; stamens 4-5, epipetalous, 

 alternate with corolla-lobes; stigmas 1-3; ovary 

 i-5-locular, fruit fleshy, i or many-celled. 



Order 38. Rubiaceae. Herbaceous plants; stem 

 square ; leaves opposite, apparently in a whorl ; 

 stipules leafy; flowers regular; calyx very small, 

 superior; corolla lobes 4-6; stamens 4-5, alternate 

 with corolla lobes; style i, 2-fid sometimes; ovary 

 i or 2-locular; fruit indehiscent. 



Order 39. Valerianaceae. Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves opposite; stipules none; flowers usually 

 irregular; calyx superior, rudimentary, like pappus; 

 corolla 5-lobed, tubular, gibbous or spurred ; 

 stamens i or 3, epipetalous, free; ovary, with i 

 fertile cell; ovule solitary, pendulous; fruit dry. 



Order 40. Dipsacaceae. Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves opposite; stipules none; flowers forming a 

 head, each floret with an epicalyx; calyx superior, 

 of 5 bristles surrounded by an outer calyx; corolla 

 4-5-fid, lobes unequal; stamens 4, epipetalous, 

 free; style i; stigma simple; ovary i-celled; ovule 

 pendulous; fruit crowned with pappus-like calyx. 



Order 41. Compositae (Asteracece). Herbaceous 

 plants, often forming rosettes; no stipules; in- 

 florescence forming a capitulum ; flowerheads sur- 

 rounded by involucre of bracts or phyllaries; calyx 

 superior, absent or hairy pappus; corolla ligulate 

 or tubular, former usually in ray, latter in disk, 

 or either may predominate; stamens 5; anthers 

 united in a cylinder; filaments free; ovary i-locu- 

 lar; ovule erect; fruit a cypsela, i-seeded. 



Order 42. Campanulaceae. Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves alternate, entire; no stipules; flowers re- 

 gular or irregular ; calyx superior, entire, or 5-fid ; 

 corolla gamopetalous, inserted on calyx; 5-lobed; 

 stamens inserted with corolla, alternate with lobes; 

 anthers distinct or united, 2-celled, opening longi- 

 tudinally; ovary 2-5-locular; ovules numerous; 



