ANGIOSPERM^: 



205 



SUB-CLASS III. APETAL/E 



Perianth in a single whorl, as a rule, corolla, 

 and frequently calyx absent. Flowers in catkins, 

 or not ; ovary superior or inferior; stigmas 2-3, or 

 single. 



Order 61. Illecebraceae. Herbaceous plants; 

 stems branched; leaves entire; stipules membran- 

 ous; flowers in cymes, bisexual; sepals 4-5, per- 

 sistent, enclosing fruit ; petals small or absent ; 

 stamens hypogynous or perigynous; ovary i-celled, 

 free; ovule i. 



Order 62. Amarantaceae. Herbaceous plants; 

 no stipules; flowers unisexual; perianth 3~5-partite, 

 membranous ; stamens 3-5, opposite perianth 

 lobes, hypogynous; ovary i-celled, free; ovule i; 

 stigmas 3. 



Order 63. Chenopodiaceae. Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves alternate ; no stipules or sheaths ; flowers 

 i-2-sexual, with or without bracts, perianth 3-5- 

 partite, persistent ; stamens 5 or 3, opposite the 

 perianth lobes; anthers 2-celled; ovary i-locular; 

 i ovule; stigmas 2; fruit a utricle enclosed in 

 perianth. 



Order 64. Polygonaceae. Herbaceous plants; 

 leaves alternate, with sheathing membranous 

 stipules (ochreae) ; flowers bisexual ; perianth 5-6- 

 partite, petaloid or not; persistent; stamens 5-8, 

 from base of perianth, opposite the perianth lobes; 

 ovary i-celled, free; styles 1-3; ovule i, erect; 

 fruit a hard nut. 



Order 65. Aristolochiaceae. Herbaceous plants 

 or shrubs; leaves alternate; no stipules; flowers 

 bisexual, solitary or axillary, regular or irregular; 

 perianth superior, 3-lobed, bell-shaped or trumpet- 

 shaped; stamens 6-12, epigynous; ovary 6-locular; 

 styles 6; ovules many; fruit a capsule or berry. 



Order 66. Thymelaeaceae. Shrubs, evergreen, 

 or deciduous; leaves alternate, entire; without 

 stipules; flowers bisexual; perianth inferior, tubu- 

 lar, petaloid, 4~5-fid; stamens 8, in 2 series; 

 anthers 2-celled; ovary i -2-celled, free; ovules 

 1-3, pendulous; fruit a drupe or berry. 



Order 67. Elaeagnaceae. Shrub, deciduous, 

 spinous; plant dioecious ; leaves alternate; male 

 flowers in axillary clusters; perianth 2-lobed; 

 stamens 4; female flowers solitary, perianth tubu- 

 lar, style short; stigma long; nut i- seeded, en- 

 closed in calyx-tube. 



Order 68. Loranthaceae. Shrub, evergreen, 

 parasitic; stem jointed; leaves opposite, without 

 stipules; plant dioecious; flowers small, green; 

 perianth superior, 4-partite; stamens 4, adnate 

 to perianth lobes; anthers sessile; stigma sessile; 

 ovary i-locular; fruit a berry, i-seeded. 



Order 69. Santalaceae. Herbaceous plants, 

 hemiparasitic on roots; leaves alternate; no 

 stipules; flowers bisexual; solitary, or in cymes or 

 racemes; perianth 5-lobed, persistent, with tuft 

 of hairs on face of lobes, adnate to ovary; stamens 

 5; filaments short; ovary i -celled; style short; 

 stigmas 1-5; ovules 2-5, placenta central; fruit 

 i-celled, i-seeded. 



Order 70. Euphorbiaceae. Herbaceous plants 

 or shrubs, with or without milky latex; leaves 



alternate; stipules present sometimes; flowers 

 1-2 sexual; perianth lobed or not; male flowers 

 with i or more stamens; anthers 2-celled; female 

 flowers with superior 2-3-lobed, 2~3-celled ovary; 

 stigma simple or compound. Capsule 2-3-celled, 

 opening by elastic mechanism; 1-2 seeds in each 

 cell. 



Order 71. Ulmaceae. Trees, deciduous; leaves 

 alternate; stipules soon falling; flowers 2-sexual, 

 not in catkins; perianth inferior, 4-8 cleft, bell- 

 shaped ; stamens 4-8 on perianth and opposite 

 lobes; ovary i-2-celled; ovules solitary; styles 2; 

 fruit a samara. 



Order 72. Urticaceas. (Plants monoecious or 

 dioecious as a rule.) Herbaceous plants, some twin- 

 ing; leaves opposite or alternate, often with sting- 

 ing hairs; stipules present; flowers i-sexual, male 

 inflorescence in a panicle, female inflorescence in 

 catkins; perianth inferior, 4-5 partite; stamens 4-5; 

 inflexed in bud; on perianth; ovary i -celled, free; 

 ovules solitary ; fruit an achene. 



Order 73. Myricaceae. (Plant dioecious or 

 monoecious.) Shrub, deciduous, aromatic ; leaves 

 alternate; no stipules; flowers in axillary catkins; 

 bracts overlapping; stamens 6-8, ovary i -celled; 

 styles 2 ; fruit a drupe, with waxy coat. 



Order 74. Amentaceae (Cupuliferce). Trees or 

 shrubs, deciduous ; leaves alternate ; with stipules; 

 plants monoecious; bracts forming a 3-5-lobed 

 scale ; male flowers in spikes ; stamens 2-20 ; 

 anthers 2-celled ; female flowers with calyx adnate 

 to ovary, or absent; ovary inferior, 2-3-locular, 

 ovules 2-6; fruit a nut, winged or not, free or 

 enclosed in cupule. 



Order 75. Salicaceae. Tree or shrubs, decidu- 

 ous; leaves alternate; with stipules; plants dioe- 

 cious or monoecious; flowers in catkins, before 

 leaves ; bracts simple ; no perianth ; stamens i or 

 2 or more; ovary i -celled, superior; ovules many; 

 placentae parietal; styles 2; stigmas 2; fruit a 

 capsule, 2-valved ; seeds many, with tuft of hairs. 



Order 76. Empetraceae. Shrub, heath-like, 

 leaves alternate; no stipules; flowers regular, 

 bisexual or plant dioecious ; perianth of 6 scales, 

 hypogynous; stamens 3-4; anthers 2-celled; 

 pollen compound; ovary 3-9-celled; i ovule in each 

 cell ; fruit a drupe. 



Order 77. Ceratophyllaceae. Aquatic plants, 

 submerged; leaves in whorls, multifid; spinose; 

 no stipules; plants monoecious; flowers axillary; 

 perianth or involucre 8-12 partite; stamens 6-12; 

 ovary i -celled; ovule i, pendulous. 



CLASS II.-MONOCOTYLEDONS 



Cotyledon i (if more, alternate) ; leaves parallel 

 veined; usually alternate, sheathing; parts of flower 

 in 3*s or 6's or 9*8, &c., rarely in fours; wood in 

 scattered bundles, not in rings ; no medullary rays. 



SUB-CLASS I. PETALOIDE^ 

 Orders 78-84, 88-90. 



Flowers usually bisexual, perianth in 2 rows, 

 inner or both petaloid, hypogynous ; ovary inferior 

 or superior. 



