APPENDIX IV 



GLOSSARY 



Achene, a hard, dry, indehiscent, one-celled, one- 

 seeded fruit ; e.g. Buttercup. 



Acicular, needle-shaped, tapered. 



Acuminate, coming to a point, which is elongate, 

 with concave sides. 



Acute, coming to a sharp point, not prolonged. 



Adnate, attached by the whole base or side. 



Adpressed, closely touching. 



^Estivation, the manner of arrangement or folding 

 of parts in the bud of a flower. 



Aggregate, of fruits, closely arranged or con- 

 tiguous carpels. 



Alae, wings of the corolla in Leguminosae (poste- 

 rior lateral petals). 



Alternate, not opposite, as in leaves, &c. 



Amphibious, addicted to land or water conditions. 



Amplexicaul, half-clasping the stem, as the bases 

 of leaves. 



Anemochorous, dispersed by wind. 



Anemophilous, pollinated by the wind. 



Annual, of one year's duration. 



Anterior, situated in the forepart. 



Anther, the distal part of the stamen which con- 

 tains the pollen. 



Anthocyanin, purple colouring-matter in cells. 



Apex, the part most removed from the base or 

 attachment. 



Apiculate, with a small apical point, as the tip of 

 the midrib in some cases. 



Apocarpous, when the carpels are not united. 



Aquatic, growing in water, submerged or with 

 leaves floating. 



Arcuate, forming an arch or bow. 



Arenophilous, growing on sand. 



Ascending, growing upwards, and approaching 

 a vertical position. 



Asperous, with a rough surface. 



Association, a community of definite composition, 

 associated with a definite type of habitat, and 

 recognized by the predominance of one or more 

 floristic types, such as a damp oakwood. 



Attenuate, tapering gradually to a slender point. 



Auricled, of the leaves, with ear-like lobes at the 



base. 

 Autochorous, dispersed by the plant itself of the 



seed. 

 Autonomous movement, spontaneous, not induced 



by external stimulus. 

 Awn, a bristle-like appendage, as in Grasses. 



Axil, the angle of the stem and leaf. 

 Axis, the central stem or root. 



Barbs, the recurved processes on bristles and 



teeth on the leaf-margin. 

 Bark, the external layer of the stem in woody 



plants where a corky layer is formed. 

 Bast, the inner layer of the bark, which is soft 



phloem, or hard bast fibres. 

 Beak, a prolonged point. 



Bearded, furnished with long hair, like a beard. 

 Berry, a succulent fruit, with several seeds, soft 



pericarp. 

 Biennial, of two years' duration, flowering and 



producing seed the second year. 

 Bifid, divided into two parts half-way. 

 Bilabiate, with two lips. 



Bipartite, divided into two parts nearly entirely. 

 Bipinnate, tri-, quadri-, &c., 2, 3, or 4 times 



divided again in the case of a pinnate leaf. 

 Bipinnatifid, once again pinnatifid. 

 Biternate, a ternate leaf divided ternately again. 

 Bract, a leaf differing from the stem leaves situ- 

 ated in the floral region. 

 Bracteoles, small bracts on the peduncle. 

 Bud, an unexpanded shoot, whether on the axis 



or leaves. 



Bulb, an underground bud with fleshy scale- 

 leaves, stored with reserve material. 



Caespitose, tufted, of roots, stems, or leaves. 



Calciphilous, addicted to a lime soil. 



Calyx, the outermost protective whorl of the 



perianth, usually green, made up of sepals. 

 Cambium, the layer between wood and bast, 



forming new (secondary) wood and bast. 

 Capillary, thread-like, slender. 

 Capitate, clustered in heads with a knob like the 



head of a pin. 

 Capitulum, a head of sessile flowers, as in Com- 



positae. 



Capsule, a dry many-seeded dehiscent fruit. 

 Carpel, the modified leaf which forms a single- 

 celled ovary, or a single cell of an ovary. 

 Caryopsis, a one-seeded fruit in which the seed-coat 



and pericarp are adherent, indehiscent, as in 



Grasses. 



Catapult fruit, a fruit in which the seed is expelled 

 by an elastic movement of the plant itself. 



