vi ANIMAL LIFE 



best use on a basis of personal observational work by the 

 student in laboratory and field. Without independent 

 personal work of the student little can be learned about 

 animals and their life that will remain fixed. But present- 

 day teachers of biology are too well informed to make a 

 discussion of the methods of their work necessary here. 

 As a matter of fact, the methods of the teacher depend so 

 absolutely on his training and individual initiative that it 

 is not worth while for the authors to point out the place 

 of this book in elementary zoological teaching. That the 

 phase of study it attempts to represent should have a place 

 in such teaching is, of course, their firm belief. 



The obligations of the authors for the use of certain 

 illustrations are acknowledged in proper place. Where no 

 credit is otherwise given, the drawings have been made by 

 Miss Mary H. Wellman or by Mr. James Carter Beard, and 

 the photographs have been made by the authors or under 



their direction. 



DAVID STAKE JOBDAN, 



VERNON LYMAN KELLOGG. 



NOTE. After the pages of the book were cast, it was thought that 

 a transposition of Chapters III and IV would present a more logical 

 arrangement, and teachers are advised to omit in their study scheme 

 Chapter III until Chapter IV is completed. D. S. J. 



V. L. K. 



