10 



being no longer a factor, whenever the test comes under which the fittest 

 survive, wheat growing in California would continue in this State long 

 after its discontinuance elsewhere. At the same market rate, therefore, 

 the wheat producer of California receives a higher reward for his labor. 

 Keeping in mind the position taken at the outset, that we are saying 

 these things to an intending emigrant, to a farmer in Iowa or Illinois, 

 can we not say with truth to him that the labor he puts upon his fields in 

 those States would reward him better if expended upon fields in Califor- 

 nia? And is this not an inducement which would lead him to decide in 

 our favor when seeking a new home? Let us reverse the illustration. 

 Suppose that in an Eastern State, in a single county of Ohio, Minnesota 

 or New York, there is a climate where storms in the harvest period are 

 unknown, where hailstorms and windstorms do not waste the ripening 

 grain, and where the gang plow and seeder may be run in seeding season 

 and the harvester may be run in harvest time, would other land in that 

 country bear an equal rate to that lying under this favored zone ? I re- 

 peat again, what cannot be too strongly impressed, that modern methods 

 of transportation produce economies of production, equal to nearness of 

 contact, and that the competition of climates between different portions 

 of the earth is present in every market. 



The ultimate operation of this principle will be to produce every article 

 where its production affords the greatest reward to the labor devoted to 

 its production. No fiscal policy or tariff device will very long delay, nor 

 eventually wholly prevent, the universal sway of this principle of pro- 

 duction. Each object of human desire will be produced in the country 

 where its production costs the minimum of human effort. This principle 

 is inherent in the human mentality. It is inseparable from human 

 desire, because it is the desire of mankind to get the maximum return 

 from the minimum outlay of effort. Mankind, as a whole, will then 

 sooner or later, adopt this principle of production, appealing to that 

 natural subsidy, which favoring conditions bounteously confer upon 

 those products, grown in the soil and in the climate most promotive of 

 their growth. Apply this principle to the entire round of production in 

 California, and you will perceive that the orchards of California and the 

 vineyards of this State are in immediate competition in the markets of 

 the world with the orchards and vineyards of every other country ; that 

 it is possible, therefore, for us to become the orchard for the whole 

 world, in its broad and commercial sense. The modern economic 

 methods of transportation have placed orchards, physically distant from 

 each other, side by side in a commercial sense, and the tendency of this 

 large factor in controlling and directing the industries of every country 

 cannot be thwarted or arrested. This force is the great basis of recipro- 

 city toward which national opinion is so strongly tending. 



