76 H. P. Steenspy. 
The Representative Types of the Economic Culture 
of the Eskimo. 
In the following description of types, the object is first to 
show which geographical features — both physical-geographical and 
biogeographical — determine the Economic Culture of the Eskimo, 
and then to point out the methods (hunting methods, methods of 
conveyance, etc.) by means of which the Eskimo adapt themselves 
to the prevailing conditions. Next, an endeavour will be made, by 
a comparison of the different types of economic culture, to find out 
the original one, and therefore it is evident, that in all the descrip- 
tions it will be necessary, as far as possible, to go back to the ori- 
ginal conditions before European and American influence interfered 
with the indigenous culture. 
Baifin Land. 
Baffin Land has the form of a broad arch which connects the two north- 
eastern peninsulas of North America, Melville and Labrador. It is separated 
from the former by the narrow Fury and Hecla Strait, and from the latter 
by the broader Hudson Strait, across the western end of which a chain of 
islands forms a bridge. Lastly, Baffin Land, with North Devon and Elles- 
mere Land as a northern link, form a natural connecting link between the 
American continent and Greenland. While the outer or north-eastern coast- 
line has been explored and surveyed almost everywhere, this is not the case with 
the inner south-western coast-line, which is known only from a few visits, 
and from Eskimo records. This much, however, is known, that this inner 
coast-line is low and fairly unbroken in comparison with the north-western, 
lofty, rocky coast which has numerous deep fjords, rocky isles and ranges 
of skerries. By the two larger indentations, Cumberland Sound and Frobisher 
Bay, the south-eastern part of Baffin Land is divided into three peninsulas, 
the northernmost of which, Cumberland, is occupied by a lofty mountain- chain, 
about 600 metres in height, which, along the coast, is continued towards 
north-west as far as Lancaster Sound. Towards south-west, this chain passes 
through a hilly headland into a level stretch of land which is continued to 
Fox basin. The two other peninsulas, Penny Land and Meta Incognita, and 
also Luke Fox Land, the south-eastern corner of Baffin Land, are equally 
