102 H. P. Srerenssy. 
to the spring of 1823, and of Q. F. Hatt, who in 1867 and 1868 made 
sledge journeys from Kivillik to the Fury and Hecla Strait. 
Parry and Lyon were also the first to reach Repulse Bay, and to 
pass the winter (1821—1822) on Winter Island north of the entrance to 
Lyon Inlet. This expedition had gone north of Southampton Island; an 
attempt made by Lyon in 1824 to go south of the island failed, as the ice 
obliged him to return from within Rowe’s Welcome in 65° 30’ N. lat. Dog 
sledges were greatly used by the succeeding expeditions. For instance by 
Joan Rar, who went from Fort York northwards along the coast, and 
passed the winter of 1846—47 at the head of Repulse Bay in the so-called 
Fort Hope. ‘This was also the head quarters of C. F. Harz during the 
years 1864—69, and this was the starting point for his excursions. Since 
then this region has scarcely been visited. ScawarKa’s route of 1879 went 
from Depot Island across the country to the mouth of Back River, and 
touched only the south-west boundary of the region. In these waters the 
American whalers do not go so far northwards, and this applies also to the 
Canadian expeditions, for instance the “Neptune”, under A. P. Low, which 
passed the winter of 1903—1904 in Fullerton Harbour, on the mainland 
side, at the south end of Rowe’s Welcome. 
According to Raz’s and Hatz’s concurrent experiences the Hivillirmiuts 
pass August and September on Rae Isthmus, at the lakes there, where they 
pass the time partly in salmon-fishing, and partly in reindeer hunting from 
a kayak when the reindeer herds swim across the lakes and rivers. Tat 
several places on the isthmus the travellers came across fences or long rows 
of stones, which were set up to lead the reindeer herds into the water 
where the Eskimo were lying in wait with their kayaks. |These fences were 
also observed in Fury and Hecla Strait, and this method of hunting is 
further mentioned by Parry. At this season they live in tents of reindeer 
skin. The large quantities of reindeer meat which is thus procured is set 
aside as supplies, and it appears that these supplies are brought to the 
coast of Repulse Bay, where the first part of the winter is spent. Both in 
the winter of 1865—1866, and in that following, Hatt found that the Eskimo, 
when the reindeer hunting had ceased, resorted to Repulse Bay, where, 
during the following months, they lived on venison from their stores, and 
on the few salmon they caught through the openings in the ice. For the 
rest, the group Hatt knew spent the winter of 1865—1866 in snow houses; 
and, in one which was particularly large, they gathered almost daily to hold 
festival. The reason why the Eskimo in the autumn went down to the 
sea with their stores was for the purpose of hunting the walrus on the 
frozen waters. Such autumn hunting of walruses is mentioned by Hats, 
who, however, adds that no hunting is carried on so long as the stores last. 
In 1866 these supplies probably were consumed about February 8, and in 
1869 even in January, because the Eskimo then broke up to live scattered 
over the ice. According to Ran’s observations this happened in 1847 on 
February 20, and this also agrees well with the fact that Parry and Lyon 
