An Anthropogeographical Study of the Origin of the Eskimo Culture. 117 
lived in three tents of musk-ox skin, and had an abundance of fish and 
reindeer meat hanging out and drying. On the river five men were hunting 
reindeer from kayaks. Near Hayes River (671/,° N. lat., 934/,° W. long.), in 
May 1879, SchwarkA met with some Ukusiksillik families living in snow 
houses. At that season of the year they were almost famishing; they had no 
seal blubber at all, and were obliged to dispense with artificial heat. At 
that time they were living chiefly on the flesh of musk ox, and their boots 
were made of the skin of this animal. During the summer, they pursued 
reindeer in their kayaks, and carried on fishing at the whirlpools. 
The Eskimo at Coronation Gulf'. 
While the Eskimo even in Netchillik have been shortly and ethnographically 
dealt with by Boas, scientific interest has only recently been directed towards 
the Eskimo who inhabit the islands and coasts at Coronation Gulf. Of all the 
Eskimo groups there is none to which so little attention has been paid. It is 
true, that the number of the travellers who have visited Coronation Gulf is not 
great, but it is nearly as great as the number of those who have visited Net- 
chillik. The first was Hearne, who in the summer of 1770 arrived at the mouth 
of Coppermine River. The later and so unhappily famous JoHn FRANKLIN, 
sailed during July and August. 1820 from the mouth of the same river 
along the south side of Coronation Gulf to Point Turnagain on the north 
side of Kent Peninsula, and on a later expedition, while his companion 
Ricwarpson in 1826 sailed from the Mackenzie along the north coast of 
the mainland to Coronation Gulf, Franxuin himself navigated the coast 
west of Mackenzie as far as Point Return (149° 37’ W. long.). In 1838, Stmpson 
with his companion Drasr, navigated the south coast of Coronation Gulf, 
Bathurst Inlet, and Dease Strait to a point on the east coast of Kent 
Peninsula, and in 1839 he again sailed across Coronation Gulf, and then 
along the north coast of the mainland and through Simpson Strait as far 
as the west side of Boothia Isthmus, whereby connection was established 
with Back’s discoveries from the east. In the summer of 1848, JoHN 
RicHaRpson repeated his above mentioned journey from the Mackenzie to 
Coronation Gulf, and in 1849, in accordance with his instructions, JoHN 
Rak was sent out, who investigated the coast regions at Coronation Gulf, 
and approached Wollaston Land, where, however, the ice prevented his 
landing. Finally, Ricnarp CoLtinson, in his ship ‘Enterprise’, spent the 
winter of 1852—1853 in Dease Strait on the south side of Victoria Land. 
In August 1900, J. MackrvrosH Bett undertook a journey from Great Bear 
Lake to Coppermine River, but turned back before he reached its mouth. 
He found Eskimo occupied in the hunting of reindeer, but did not come 
into touch with them. Finally we have got highly important enlightenment 
as regards the population of this region from V. StEFansson, who during 
? Coutiinson, I—I11; Franxiin; HEARNE; Mc. CLureE; RicHarpson; Simpson; 
Sreransson. Cf. Steenssy, I, pp. 99—105. 
