An Anthropogeographical Study of the Origin of the Eskimo Culture. 143 
that the Indians in the Yukon valley, on the stretch which runs parallel with 
and close to the east coast of Norton Sound, have, therefore, in some respects 
imitated the Eskimo. 
The Kadiak Eskimo. 
The Yukon Delta and the sea region east of Bristol Bay is the last large 
territory which is occupied entirely by the Eskimo. Certainly they are still 
found on a stretch along the coast of the mainland, but they are in scattered 
groups, between which other people push in. The Aliaska Peninsula is, properly 
speaking, Aleutian. On the north coast, according to Perrorr’s map, the most 
eastern Aleutian settlement lies at the mouth of the Ugashik River (about 157°30’ 
W. long.). On the south coast the Aleuts hardly reach so far, inasmuch as their 
eastern boundary is Cape Ivanoff (about 159°30’ long.) and the Shumagin Islands. 
The remaining part of the south coast of Alaska as far as the beginning of Cooks 
Inlet, the south west point of the Kenai Peninsula, the islands in Prince William 
Sound and also Kadiak with the surrounding islands are again Eskimo, and 
finally the same applies in part to the little isle Kayak, which is inhabited by 
a small tribe which in the summer carries on salmon fishing on the coast of the 
continent between Copper-River and Icy Bay (141°25’ W.long.). This tribe 
uses the Eskimo skin boats and hunting implements, but its language is so Tlin- 
kitically intermingled that its root sometimes has been supposed originally to 
have been Tlinkitic. 
The coast of Cooks Inlet, the large indentation west of the Kenai*Penin- 
sula, is not inhabited by the Eskimo, but by a Kenai tribe closely connected 
with the Ingaliks; the members of which like their kinsmen on the Lower Yukon 
have been strongly influenced by the Eskimo culture’. They use the kayak 
for hunting White Whale, which, in rather large numbers, resort to the lower 
parts of the bay. The animal, however, is not hunted direct from the kayak, 
but the hunter places himself on a staging of poles erected in the water, from 
which he hurls his lance, which has a slate head. When an animal is hit, he gets 
into his boat which he has ready and pursues it. Large whales, which also visit 
the bay, are not hunted by the Indians. When, in August, the whale hunting 
and the salmon fishing, which are carried on at the same time, are ended, they 
wander up in the mountains, where they hunt reindeer and mountain-sheep. 
In September or October they set out in canoes, which they have covered with 
raw reindeer hides, down the Suchitna River back to Cooks Inlet, where the 
winter is passed in earth covered winter houses which, judging from JAcoBsEN’s 
description, are of quite the same kind as the Eskimo houses on the Yukon 
and in Kadiak. This, then, is the third case of a non-Eskimo neighbouring tribe 
partly adopting the Eskimo culture. 
The coast of the mainland between Mount St. Elias and Aliaska (from 
141° to 159° W. long.) is on an average high and rocky, and much indented, 
with large and small bays. Close out to the coast run chains of mountains which, 
1 WRANGELL, pp. 103, 112 sqq. 
