—> 
H. P. Sreenssy. 
> tatorred to are the inhabitants of the Archipelago (the Eskimo near 
Coronation Gulf, the Netchillik district, etc.), where the Arctic cult ‘culture 
is most distinct..Here the winter lasts nine months of the year, and the 
summer only about three. From an anthropogeographical point of view 
the winter ends when the winter ice breaks up on the sea and there is 
open water, and the summer ends when the fresh water is frozen over 
and the reindeer herds leave the tundra. 
When one gets away from the Archipelago, along the coasts 
of Alaska, Greenland or Baffinland and Labrador, the difference in the — 
seasons alters, the winter gradually becoming shorter and the summer 
a greater and still greater part of the year. 
longer; that is to say, the sea is covered with ice during a shorter period, 
a sea prevails duri 
At the same time the ice is_less.extensive...Open se » prevalls Coane ng—- 
The winter place of abode varies in a corresponding manner. 
The sojourn on the sea ice is shortened. The change takes place expe- 
cially from the fact that it gradually happens that it is not the entire 
/ population which moves out on the ice, but the hunters only, while 
. the families live in the settlements, which, on account of the access to 
) the ice, are situated on the coast, and especially on the headlands. 
dwellings consist of permanent winter houses. 
fall into disuse. 
The 
Snow houses gradually 
coasts mentioned above, one comes to regions where the sea ice no longer 
| When one gets still further away from the Archipelago, along the 
plays any part as regards hunting. One then-comeés to the Subarctic 
Eskimo, whose place of abode throughout the winter is the coast.” There 
the conditions as regards access to the open sea and the possibility of 
landing in skin boats determine the site of the settlement. Kayak 
hunting becomes by far the most important occupation throughout the~ 
winter. 
place, or there may be periods of whale hunting. — 
During a part of the summer kayak hunting may also take 
But the rule is, that 
these Subarctic Eskimo, like the Arctic, during the summer make journeys 
into the interior for the purpose of fishing in the rivers (especially for 
salmon) and of hunting reindeer. 
( Consequently, the Subarctic-_Eskimo-have-the-same summer culture 
as have the Arctic Eskimo, even if it plays a somewhat. different. role 
among the different groups. As mentioned above, in some groups inland 
hunting is entirely abandoned. 
The following is the table for the Subarctie Eskimo: 
: P: 1 “ 
Place of abode| Occupation opie Dwelling 
| | 
phe tS ( The coast. Hunting in Kayak; har- | Earth house. 
kayaks, poon; (umiak). 
s | Inland (other-| Inland hunt-:| Kayak; lance; Tent. 
Lich wise the coast).| ing; Fishing | Salmon spear; 
in rivers. bow and arrow. 
