An Anthropogeographical Study of the Origin of the Eskimo Culture. 183 
from the forest hunting in the east of the United States of America, 
where the ability to follow up the trail of the game is the most important 
demand made on the hunter. Consequently he has to have the most 
exact knowledge of the mode of living, favourite food, trail, and general 
movements of the game, when, by the aid of numerous precautions and 
boundless patience he ought to be able to approach his victim. A further 
description of these modes of procedure is not wanted here, partly be- 
cause they are well known from elsewhere, and partly because they 
cannot be of great interest in the connection in question. It will only 
be mentioned that in the pine forests the hunter makes extensive use 
of the bireh-bark canoe, which he partly uses at night to get within 
gunshot of the drinking animals', and partly uses to hunt the swimming 
elks. By preference these live in lake districts with many islets, and, 
besides, generally have fixed tracks, along which they move and cross 
the rivers. In such places the hunter lies in hiding with his canoe, in 
order to pursue the swimming animal, which he can easily overtake 
and kill. This method of hunting is mentioned by Faraup? and HEARNE® 
from the Hudson forest-lands, and by Wuymprr‘ from the Yukon 
Valley. 
The protracted covering of snow during winter, as also the ice, must 
naturally also cause peculiarity in the methods of hunting. When the 
snow lies so deep that the elks can only with difficulty work their way 
along, the hunter who is on snow shoes runs down his animal, and drives 
it in front of him to a river, where he then kills it, in order to avoid the 
difficult transport through the forest®. . 
It is common with the Forest Indians and the Tundra Indians as 
also with the Central Eskimo to follow the trail in the snow, and steal 
upon the victim by putting on the skin of a deer and imitating its 
movements ®, 
On the tundra, again, the hunting is different from what it is in the 
forest, in that, here, it is not a question of a single animal, but of reindeer 
living in herds. When on their wanderings in spring and autumn the 
herds move to the sea coast or the tundra, and back to more southern 
regions, they have some fixed tracks which they generally follow, and 
certain places where they cross the rivers. At these places, which the 
Indians know so well, the latter lie in hiding with their canoes. The 
mode of procedure is described by R. Kina‘: “The natives, seated in 
their canoes, remain in ambush until the first two or three animals have 
‘1 Scnootcrart, Vol. II, p. 53 sqq. 
* Faraup, pp. 305—306. 
8 Hearne, I, p. 289. 
* Wuymper, I, pp. 214—215, 
5’ W. Pike, II, p:-95. 
® Frankuin, I, p. 244; Faraup, pp. 304—306; Kiutscnax. 
7 R. Kine, Vol. I, pp. 254—56. 
