An Anthropogeographical Study of the Origin of the Eskimo Culture. 209 
with the Eskimo. Possibly it shows itself in the way in which certain 
Eskimo populations are stamped by it to a special degree. Thus, I 
myself have had the opportunity to observe this with the most unmixed 
Greenlanders on the middlemost part of the west coast (the extreme 
islands in the districts of Egedesminde and Godhavn). 
The fact, however, was long ago observed by several others from 
different districts, and on the basis of anthropological investigations in 
Greenland it was first pointed out by the Danish anthropologist, SoREN 
HansEent. 
My intention is, then, to heed that the most pure Eskimo in 
Greenland south of Melville Bay, or rather, perhaps, south of the di- 
strict of Upernivik have a somewhat more “Mongolian” and particularly 
a more “Japanese” stamp than the Polar Eskimo. These latter made 
a more “Indian” impression on mé, and seemed to remind me strongly 
of the Eskimo from the Netchillik domain, illustrated by Amundsen. 
Further west, in Alaska, the Mongolian stamp again seems to be more 
strongly predominant. 
It was by studying the outer structure of the body and specially 
the proportions of the body that Sor—EN Hansen arrived at the men- 
tioned result that the Eskimo were connected with the Japanese. It 
must be mentioned, however, that Cart M. Fiirst and Fr. C. C. HaAnsEN 
in their great work “Crania Groenlandica’’ have not been able, on the 
basis of their craniological material, to demonstrate such a_ specific 
connection. On the other hand they have arrived at the result which 
is not uninteresting to us, “that the Greenland Eskimo cranium is not 
a cranium of a primitive race, but rather that a part of its marked an- 
thropological characters are secondary, developed as adaptational phe- 
nomena in a definite specific functional direction.” ? 
I have adduced an historical and an anthropological argument for 
the fact that Japanese navigation must have reached the Eskimo regions 
at Bering Strait. Whether absolutely certain proofs can be produced 
at all, especially at the present moment, is, I think, doubtful. Linguistic 
proofs can hardly be expected; but one must set one’s hope on the eth- 
nographical ones, as previously mentioned, and also on the archeolo- 
gical ones 3, 
At the present moment my theory as to the influence of Japanese 
navigation on the Eskimo is, therefore, only a hypothesis. But yet 
I regard the probability as being so great that I do not hesitate to ad- 
vance it. 
I assume, then, that the Paleeskimo culture in the regions at Bering 
1 Soren Hansen, I, p. 194. 
* First and Hansen, p. 226. 
2 It may be mentioned that the idea of Japanese blood being present in the 
Eskimo is very strongly advocated by A. Hampere in his mentioned work. 
LITL,. 14 
